An alternative approach to remove residual sugar from red wines using strains of Zygosaccharomyces bailli was studied. Fructose (40 or 60 g/L) and alcohol (13%, 15%, or 17% v/v) were added to a Cabernet Sauvignon wine before inoculation of Z. bailii B2, B6, or W3, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118. Most yeasts maintained populations ≥106 cfu/mL up to 100 days—the exceptions being W3 and EC1118...

Higher-quality Touriga Nacional (TN) wines are characterized by a fruity-citric aroma described as sweet and fresh citrus evoking the bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia). In fact, "bergamot-like" descriptor is currently employed to rate higher quality TN wines. The aim of this work was to identify among volatile compounds present in bergamot fruit extracts (mainly terpenes) which of them contribut...

Dangerous to health through contamination of food dietary, ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent nephrotoxic mycotoxin, being produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Certain common foods based on wheat followed by oats, rice and raisins, spices, dried fruits, beer, coffee, grape juice and wine are major sources of human exposure to OTA, mainly in countries with temperate and cold climate. Thi...

Over the last few decades, wine makers have been producing wines with a higher alcohol content, assuming that they are more appreciated by consumers. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic imaging to compare reactions of human subjects to different types of wine, focusing on brain regions critical for flavor processing and food reward. Participants were presented with carefully ma...

Single cultivar wines made with two different red grape cultivars from AOC Valdeorras (Galicia, NW Spain), Mencia and Alicante Bouschet, were studied with the aim of determining their color and phenolic composition. Two sets of analyses were made on 30 wine samples of 2014 vintage, after malolactic fermentation took place, to evaluate several physicochemical characteristics from these wines rel...

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) usually takes place after the end of alcoholic fermentation (AF). However, the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria together with yeast starter cultures is a promising system to enhance the quality and safety of wine. In recent years, the use of immobilized cell systems has been investigated, with interesting results, for the production of different fermented foods ...

Torulaspora delbrueckii is becoming widely recommended for improving some specific characteristics of wines. However, its impact on wine quality is still far from satisfactory at the winery level, mostly because it is easily replaced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae-like yeasts during must fermentation. New T. delbrueckii killer strains were here isolated and selected for winemaking. They killed S. ...

BACKGROUND The European Union requires allergenic food ingredients to appear on labels in order to protect allergic consumers. OBJECTIVE To determine whether traces of egg-, milk-, and fish-derived processing aids used in winemaking might elicit clinical reactions in food-allergic patients. METHODS Five German wines were fined with a high dose of egg albumin, lysozyme, milk casein, fish gel...

Plasmids in lactic acid bacteria occasionally confer adaptive advantages improving the growth and behaviour of their host cells. They are often associated to starter cultures used in the food industry and could be a signature of their superiority. Oenococcus oeni is the main lactic acid bacteria species encountered in wine. It performs the malolactic fermentation that occurs in most wines after...

Among methods to detect wine adulteration, profiling volatiles is one with a great potential regarding robustness, analysis time and abundance of information for subsequent data treatment. Volatile fraction fingerprinting by solid-phase microextraction with direct analysis by mass spectrometry without compounds separation (SPME-MS) was used for differentiation of white as well as red wines. The...