The relative permeability of endplate channels to monovalent and divalent metal ions was determined from reversal potentials. Thallium is the most permeant ion with a permeability ratio relative to Na+ of 2.5. The selectivity among alkali metals is weak with a sequence, Cs+ greater than Rb+ greater than K+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+, and permeability ratios of 1.4, 1.3, 1.1, 1.0, and 0.9...

The influence of various cations ranging from alkali metals to transition metals according to the periodic table were discussed. The ferrites used were Ni ferrite, Mg ferrite and Zn ferrite having different cation distributions in the spinel lattice. Cations having appropriate ionic radii and valencies are soluble in ferrite. Several additives formed other phase in addition to the spinel phase....

Alkaline-earth-metal ions accelerate the breaking of cellulose bonds and control distribution products in pyrolysis lignocellulose to biofuels chemicals. Here, activation via magnesium was measured over a range temperatures from 370 430 °C for 20–2000 ms compared with calcium, another naturally occurring alkaline earth metal materials. The experimental approach pulse-heated analysis solid/surfa...

in the present study, we investigate the potentiometric behavior of cu2+ carbon paste electrodes based on two mercapto compounds 2-ethylmino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (eamt) and 2-acetylamino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (aamt) self-assembled on gold nano-paricle (gnp) as ionophore. then, the results obtained from the modified electrodes are compared. the self-assembled ionophores exhibit a ...

Two poly(oxyethylene) derivatives 1.10-bis(2'-benzoic acid)-1,4,7,1-tetradecane (L1) and 1,7-bis(2'-benzoic acid)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane (L2) were used as suitable ionophores for the preparation of potassium-selective PVC-membrane electrodes. The resulting electrodes based on L1 and L2 exhibit linear responses to the activity of K+ ions within the concentration ranges of 3.1<em...

[1] The rare earth elements (REEs) with their systematically varying properties are powerful tracers of continental inputs, particle scavenging intensity and the oxidation state of seawater. However, their generally low ( pmol/kg) concentrations in seawater and fractionation potential during chemical treatment makes them difficult to measure. Here we report a technique using an automated precon...