Novel aryl derivatives of benzamidine were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory potency against bovine trypsin, rat skin tryptase, human recombinant granzyme A, human thrombin, and human plasma kallikrein. All compounds show competitive inhibition against these proteases with Ki values in the micromolar range. X-ray structures were determined to 1.8 A resolution for trypsin complexed wit...

A number of complex processes are involved in Eimeria spp. survival, including control of sporulation, intracellular invasion, evasion of host immune responses, successful reproduction, and nutrition. Proteases have been implicated in many of these processes, but the occurrence and functions of serine proteases have not been characterized. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that the Eimeria tenell...

The complement system in blood plasma is a major mediator of innate immune defence. The function of complement is to recognize, then opsonize or lyse, particulate materials, including bacteria, yeasts and other microrganisms, host cell debris and altered host cells. Recognition occurs by binding of complement proteins to charge or saccharide arrays. After recognition, a series of serine proteas...

Alkaline prorcasex are of considcruhlc interest in view of their activity and stability at alkaline pll. This review describes the protcascs that can resist extreme alkaline environments produced by a wide range of ulk alophilic microorg anisms. Different isol.uion methods which enable the screening and selection of promising organisms 1'01' industrial production are discussed. The various nutr...

The identification of novel targets for controlling the sheep blowfly is an important process for discovering new generation compounds that are safer and more environmentally friendly. Experiments in our laboratory have indicated a role for serine proteases in influencing egg hatching in the sheep blowfly. Isolation of the proteases involved using benzamidine affinity chromatography identified ...

Mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells into the blood involves a massive release of neutrophil serine proteases in the bone marrow. We hypothesize that the activity of these neutrophil serine proteases is regulated by the expression of naturally occurring inhibitors (serpina1 and serpina3) produced locally within the bone marrow. We found that serpina1 and serpina3 were transcribed in t...

Proteases from a variety of sources (viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects) have toxicity towards insects. Some of these insecticidal proteases evolved as venom components, herbivore resistance factors, or microbial pathogenicity factors, while other proteases play roles in insect development or digestion, but exert an insecticidal effect when over-expressed from genetically engineered ...

Translocon: don't pass me by ranslocon proteins are intimately involved with the proteins they import into the ER—including transmembrane portions of the incoming proteins, based on results from Import of membrane proteins into the ER requires a joint effort between the T ribosome and the translocon to ensure that each domain of the translocating protein is targeted correctly to either the lume...

We report for the first time the expression of multiple protease activities in the first instar larva (L1) of the flesh fly Oxysarcodexia thornax (Walker). Zymographic analysis of homogenates from freshly obtained L1 revealed a complex proteolytic profile ranging from 21.5 to 136 kDa. Although some activities were detected at pH 3.5 and 5.5, the optimum pH for most of the proteolytic activities...