Abstract Long-term variations in ocean acidification indices the Northwest Pacific were examined using observational data and a biogeochemical model with an operational product for period 1993–2018. The surface (< 100-m depth) exhibit consistent patterns of subtropical Kuroshio Extension regions relative alkalinization (i.e., reduced acidification) subarctic region Pacific. Below depth, domi...

Objective: Evaluation of onset and duration of peripheral nerve blockage with alkalinized lidocaine by borate buffer instead of sodium bicarbonate. Study design: Experimental randomized cross-over study. Animals: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 200–300 g) were used in this study. Methods: Four 1.0% lidocaine solutions were prepared from commercially available solutions. The treat...