An overview of the basic ideas of articulatory phonology is presented, along with selected examples of phonological patterning for which the approach seems to provide a particularly insightful account. In articulatory phonology, the basic units of phonological contrast are gestures, which are also abstract characterizations of articulatory events, each with an intrinsic time or duration. Uttera...

background: in adults, throughout life, uniqueness maintains the equivalent; but, it might be tailored in the track of neurological disarrays. as in the partition of cognitive function associated with multiple sclerosis (ms), numerous studies have been performed, but there are very few reports in this area of behavior. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of personality types...

background: studies show that about 90% of accidents occur because of unsafe behavior and human errors. even if workers do not have the right knowledge, attitude and behavior toward safety measures in a safe workplace, all efforts for an accident-free workplace will be in vain. this study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior of workers toward occupational health and s...

this study aims at investigating the effectiveness of nutritional supplements containing vitamins, minerals, and ammonia on the sexual and breeding behaviors in ghezel sheep. to this end, 28 three and half-year old ewes (50±3 kilograms) with the record of giving birth to two lambs and 4 three-year old (90±3.5 kilograms) rams were used. the ewes were divided into two groups of a (i.e., treatment...

Finding an underlying deficit that links the disparate impairments associated with dyslexia would be major breakthrough. In a recent article in TiCS, Goswami [1] offers a viable candidate for such a deficit – and has done a remarkable job of finding links that are plausible if still mostly circumstantial. Her stimulating article raises numerous directions for future research. The epidemiology o...

Using the framework of Articulatory Phonology, we offer a phonological account of the allophonic variation undergone by the velar fricative phoneme in Navajo, a Southern or Apachean Athabaskan language spoken in Arizona and New Mexico. The Navajo velar fricative strongly coarticulates with the following vowel, varying in both place and manner of articulation. The variation in this velar fricati...

Lexical acquisition is a critical stage of language development, during which human infants learn a set of word forms and their association with meanings, starting from little a priori knowledge about words they do not even know whether there are words in their mother tongues. How do the infants infer individual words from the continuous speech stream to which they are exposed? This paper inten...

In this paper I discuss the relationship between two sound changes in Gallo-Roman: the fronting of /a/ in stressed open syllables, and the palatalization of /k, g/ before /a/ in addition to /i, e, /. I argue that allophonic Fronting created the original phonetic conditions for Palatalization, but that the phonological structure of the language led to extension of palatalization to non-fronted ...

Little is known about how listeners judge phonemic versus allophonic (or freely varying) versus post-lexical variations in voice quality, or about which acoustic attributes serve as perceptual cues in specific contexts. To address this issue, native speakers of Gujarati, Thai, and English discriminated among pairs of voices that differed only in the relative amplitudes of the first versus secon...

A vast majority of dyslexic children exhibit a phonological deficit, particularly noticeable in phonemic identification or discrimination tasks. The gap in performance between dyslexic and normotypical listeners appears to decrease into adulthood, suggesting that some individuals with dyslexia develop compensatory strategies. Some dyslexic adults however remain impaired in more challenging list...