The present study is an attempt to make a floristic inventory in Raithan Range of Pir Panjal Forest Division of, Jammu and Kashmir India. For this purpose, preliminary was carried with the aim know diversity flora at different altitudes ranging from 1800-2800m amsl. purpose area divided into 3 viz - 1800m, 2300m 2800m reported results revealed that, total 136 species 58 families 113 genera were...

Introduction: A species’ populations differ across its distribution due to selection pressure from the climate gradient. Objective: To describe phytochemical variation among 14 tree provenances in an altitudinal gradient of Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. determine if there are associations chemical profiles populations, expressed under a single environment. Materials and methods: ...

Understanding the causes of variation in biotic interaction strength and phenotypic selection remains one of the outstanding goals of evolutionary ecology. Here we examine the variation in strength of interactions between two seed predators, common crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) and European red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), and mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) at and below tree limit in the Pyre...

[1] For simplicity, a constant gravitational acceleration (~g) is assumed in many general circulation models (GCMs). To estimate the influence of the altitudinal variation of the ~g on the thermosphere simulation, two runs have been made under the solar maximum condition using the non-hydrostatic Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM), including one with a constant ~g (8.7 m/s) and the oth...

A catastrophic extinction occurred at the end of the Permian Period. However, baseline extinction rates appear to have been elevated even before the final catastrophe, suggesting sustained environmental degradation. For terrestrial vertebrates during the Late Permian, the combination of a drop in atmospheric oxygen plus climate warming would have induced hypoxic stress and consequently compress...