Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) is shown to be an effective detection strategy for ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate particles at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Following photofragmentation of the ammonium salt particle, fluorescence of the NH fragment is observed at 336 nm. The fluorescence signal is shown to depend linearly on particle surface are...

at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, cold seeps and in other reducing environments derive all or part of their nutrition from symbiont chemoautotrophy (Fisher, 1990; Cavanaugh, 1994). To support growth based on sulfide oxidation and carbon dioxide fixation, inorganic nitrogen (e.g. nitrate and ammonia) must also be assimilated. How this occurs has not been well studied and is potentially complicated...

this paper presents a control strategy for fuel cell/energy storage power generation system during voltage sag conditions. the hybrid dc power sources are connected to grid using power electronic converters include dc-dc converter and grid connected voltage source inverter. the power from hybrid power sources is controlled during voltage sag by designing of control strategy for dc-dc converter....

in this paper, a novel approach for control of the dc-dc buck converter in high-power and low-voltage applications is proposed. designed method is developed according to state feedback linearization based controller , which is able to stabilize output voltage in a wide range of operation. it is clear that in high-power applications, parasitic elements of the converter may become comparable with...

active filters have proven to be more effective than passive techniques to improve power quality and to solve harmonic and power factor problems due to nonlinear loads. this paper proposes a control scheme based on the instantaneous active and reactive power. the inverter of this active filter is a three-phase, two-level converter. space vector technique is used as modulators and pattern genera...

A non-isolated DC/DC converter with high transfer gain is proposed in this paper. The presented converter consists of the switched inductor and three-level converters. The DC/DC power converter is three-level boost converter to convert the output voltage of the DC source into two voltage sources. The main advantages of DC/DC converter are using low voltage semiconductors and high gain voltage. ...

Deammonification is known as an efficient and resource saving sidestream process option to remove the nitrogen load from sludge liquors. The transfer of the intermediate product nitrite between both syntrophic groups of organisms - aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizers (AOB) - appears very sensitive to process conditions such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and operating nitrite level. ...

We combine the Ramsey interferometry protocol, Stern-Gerlach detection scheme, and use of elongated geometry a cloud fully polarized cold cesium atoms to measure selected component magnetic-field gradient along atomic in single shot. In contrast standard method where precession two spatially separated clouds is simultaneously measured extract their phase difference, which proportional gradient,...

Shot-peened nickel-base superalloys exhibit 1–2% increase in apparent eddy current conductivity (AECC), which can be exploited for nondestructive residual stress assessment. Experimental evidence indicates that the excess AECC is due in part to elastic strains, i.e., residual stress, and in part to plastic strains, i.e., cold work. The very fact that the conductivity increases rather than decre...