نتایج جستجو برای: among nine general circulation models
تعداد نتایج: 2753132 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Global warming caused by an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, is the direct result of greenhouse gas-induced radiative forcing. When a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered, this forcing differed substantially among 15 atmospheric general circulation models. Although there are several potential causes, the largest contributor was the carbon dioxide radiation par...
An evaluation of the Biosphere±Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) snow submodel was conducted, both in a stand-alone mode and within the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3). We evaluated, in the stand-alone mode, the performance of BATS parameterizations at local scales using ground-based observations from the former Soviet Union and fromMammo...
The static stability of the extratropical troposphere is examined in two atmospheric general circulation models (GCM’s) over idealized boundary conditions, with emphasis on the role of moisture in determining the midlatitude stability. The determination of the static stability is compared within two models: an idealized moist model with simplified representations of radiative transfer and other...
Five non-eddy-resolving oceanic general circulation models driven by atmospheric fluxes derived from the NCEP reanalysis are used to investigate the link between the Gulf Stream (GS) variability, the atmospheric circulation, and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Despite the limited model resolution, the temperature at the 200-m depth along the mean GS axis behaves similarl...
IRD), Paris, France, and Walker Institute, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; WittenberG—GFDL, Princeton, New Jersey; Fedorov—Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Collins—Met Office, Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; WanG—NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida; Capotondi—University of Colorado, and NOAA, Boulder, Colorado; oldenborGh—KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands; stoCkdale—ECMWF, Reading...
For the aerosols, we used the total optical depth derived from Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer measurements taken by Michalsky and Harrison(a). Values for single scattering albedo and asymmetry factor are taken to be 0.965; 0.680 for UV and visible regions and 0.855; 0.540 for the near-IR region (D’Almeida et al. 1991). Because of a lack of information on the vertical distribution, w...
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