Determination of inorganic phosphate is of very high importance in environmental and health care applications. Hence knowledge of suitable analytical techniques available for phosphate sensing for different applications becomes essential. Electrochemical methods for determining inorganic phosphate have several advantages over other common techniques, including detection selectivity, stability a...

Carbon fiber electrodes are crucial for the detection of catecholamine release from vesicles in single cells for amperometry measurements. Here, we describe the techniques needed to generate low noise (<0.5 pA) electrodes. The techniques have been modified from published descriptions by previous researchers (1,2). Electrodes are made by preparing carbon fibers and threading them individually in...

Glutamate transporters are expressed throughout the CNS where their major role is to clear released glutamate from presynaptic terminals. Here, we report a novel function of the transporter in rat pinealocytes. This electrogenic transporter conducted inward current in response to L-glutamate and L- or D-aspartate and depolarized the membrane in patch-clamp experiments. Ca2+ imaging demonstrated...

The electrochemical analysis of tetracycline was investigated using nickel-implanted boron-doped diamond thin film electrode by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry with a flow injection system. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical oxidation of tetracycline. Comparison experiments were carried out using as-deposited boron-doped diamond thin film electrode (BDD). Nickel-implant...

The properties, structure and functions of the erythrocyte or red blood cell (RBC) have been known and evaluated by using simpler to more sophisticated technical devices. Microscopy, flow cytometry, spectrometry, spectroflurometry, aggregometer, ektacytometer zeta potential, amperometry, electrophoresis and centrifugation, are apparatus used to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize RBC,...

Pancreatic β-cells use Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense core vesicles to release insulin. Exocytosis in β-cells has been studied biochemically, biophysically and optically. We have previously developed a biophysical method to monitor release of endogenous intragranular constituents that are co-released with insulin. This technique involves the expression of ionotropic membrane recepto...

Transmitter release from chromaffin cells differs from that in synapses in that it persists for a longer time after Ca2+ entry has stopped. This prolonged secretion is not due to a delay between vesicle fusion and transmitter release, nor to slow detection of released substance: step increases in capacitance due to single vesicle fusion precede the release detected by amperometry by only a few ...

Recent work has shown that chemical release during the fundamental cellular process of exocytosis in model cell lines is not all-or-none. We tested this theory for vesicular from single pancreatic beta cells. The vesicles these cells insulin, but also serotonin, which detectible with amperometric methods. Traditionally, it assumed Here, we use a multidisciplinary approach involving nanoscale me...

Photoanodes comprising a transparent glass substrate coated with thin conductive film of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and layer photoactive phase have been fabricated tested regard to the photo-electro-oxidation water into molecular oxygen. The was made mat TiO2 nanorods (TDNRs) micrometric thickness. Individual were successfully photosensitized nanoparticles metal–organic framework (MOF) nic...