After attending this presentation, attendees will learn how the Analytical Threshold (AT) has a significant influence on the rates of Type I (i.e. false positives) and Type II (i.e. false negatives) errors. Attendees will be introduced to Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis as a method to compare each type of error in order to provide a method to select optimal ATs and disregard s...

This study tested the hypothesis that stimulants (indirect dopamine agonists) attenuate the discriminative stimulus of naltrexone in monkeys chronically treated with L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM). Four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received LAAM (1.0 mg/kg s.c.) twice daily and discriminated a withdrawal-precipitating dose of naltrexone (0.0178 mg/kg s.c.) from saline. Cocaine (0.1-1.78 mg/kg...

When projection analyses placed the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle in the striatal system, functional links between these sites began to emerge. The accumbens has been implicated in the rewarding effects of psychomotor stimulants, whereas recent work suggests that the medial accumbens shell and medial olfactory tubercle mediate the rewarding effects of cocaine. Interestingly, anatomic...

The differential roles of circulating and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in glomerulonephritis have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the levels of circulating and intrarenal RAS activity and urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) excretion in anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) nephritis induced by an ATS injection (ATS group). The effect of olmesartan, an angiotensin II (ANG II) ty...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may persist into adulthood in a substantial proportion of affected youth, with rates differing between 15 (persistence of full syndrome) and 65% (partial remission) (Faraone et al. 2005). There is ample evidence that patients suffering from ADHD carry a heightened risk for other psychiatric disorders. Adults with ADHD show high rates of comorbidit...

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally treated as a neurodevelopmental that occurs mainly in children and tends to diminish or disappear with age, but we now know symptoms persist into adulthood over 50% of ADHD patients. Undiagnosed individuals often turn psychoactive substance minimize the negative aspects functioning improve quality life. Methods The stud...

It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction. Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug context can contribute to future use and facilitate the transition from initial drug use into drug dependency. On the other hand, the self-medication hypothesis of drug abuse suggests that negative consequences of dr...

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a well-recognized behavioral disorder estimated to affect 2-9% of school-age children (1,2). Historically, ADHD was not thought to continue beyond adolescence; however, long term followup studies in the 1980s showed that disabling core symptoms persist into adulthood in 11-50% of cases. Hence, 1-3% of adults may currently have symptoms of ADHD,...