In the pursuit of success in sports, some athletes are not deterred by health risks associated with the (mis)use of black market preparations of dubious origin as performance-enhancing agents. Several studies published in the recent years demonstrated that anabolic-androgenic steroids, but also stimulants and growth hormones, are misused by numerous recreational athletes from all over the world...

Limits of detection are important issues for GC/MS screening for anabolic agents and for confirmation of various drugs of abuse. We compared a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) operated in two different selected-ion storage modes and a quadrupole mass filter (QMF) operated in the selected-ion monitoring mode. Results with the model compound tetrachlorobenzene indicate that, for simultaneous monitoring ...

Metabolism of steroid hormones with anabolic properties was studied in vitro using human recombinant CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and 2B6 enzymes. The enzyme formats used for CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were insect cell microsomes expressing human CYP enzymes and purified recombinant human CYP enzymes in a reconstituted system. CYP3A4 enzyme formats incubated with anabolic steroids, testosterone, 17alpha-methyltestost...

Anabol ic steroids (AS) derived from testosterone have both anabolic (muscle and strength enhanc ing) and androgen ic (pr imary and secondary sexual) effects. Efforts to limit the androgenic while enhancing the anabolic effects have not been successful. Alterations to the structure of testosterone, so as to improve the pharmacokinetics of AS, have resul ted in drugs, which are oral ly active, h...

Boldenone is an androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS) intensively used for growth promoting purposes in animals destined for meat production and as a performance enhancer in athletics. Therefore its use is officially banned either in animals intended for consumption or in humans. Because most anabolic steroids are completely metabolized and usually no parent steroid is excreted, metabolite identifi...

Introduction The distinct stages of the wound healing following teeth extraction were established through several clinic[1], radiographic[2, 3, 4, 5, 6] and histological[7, 2, 3, 8, 4, 9, 10] studies. It is recognized, however, that metabolic changes take place during and after surgical procedures, which must be studied in connection with healing processes. The anabolic steroids because of thei...

Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder of bone remodeling in which bone resorption outstrips bone matrix deposition. Although anticatabolic agents are frequently used as first-line therapies for osteoporosis, alternative anabolic strategies that can enhance anabolic, osteogenic potential are actively sought. Sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogens, are bidirectional regulators for bone ho...

introduction: traumatic ruptures of the biceps tendon are rare, but serious, and usually involve the long head of the proximal insertion. rupture of the distal tendon account for only 3% of all biceps tendon ruptures. a history of tendonitis, overuse, or anabolic steroid abuse may predispose tendons to rupture. surgical repair, followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation program, was indicated t...