Surgical caregivers and hospital administrators have expressed both surprise and dismay that despite the introduction of new analgesics and novel analgesic delivery systems, postoperative pain remains suboptimally controlled.1,2 Many ask why are we not doing a better job? A number of factors appear to be responsible for inadequate pain management, including: • Lack of sufficient physician train...

The methanol extract of the coastal sand-dwelling grass, Spinifex littoreus was tested for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic property using mouse assay. To ascertain the pharmacological property of each plant part (aerial and root), extracts were prepared and tested.. The results were compared with the standard analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs viz. paracetamol and dichlofenac sodium resp...

A narcotic or a non-narcotic analgesic that would not cause respiratory depression and addiction in may be used as an alternative to morphine. In Ayurveda a large number of indigenous drugs have been mentioned possessing the analgesic properties e.g Guggul, Erand, Rasna, Bhringaraja, Methika, palandu and prasikayavani. Total alcoholic extracts of Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba) was undertaken to stu...

Pain is a common symptom that can be complex to treat. Analgesic medications are the mainstay treatment, but there is wide interindividual variability in analgesic response and adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics is the study of inherited genetic traits that result in these individual responses to drugs. This narrative review will attempt to cover the current understanding of the pharmacogenomics...

Phenacetin came into use in 1887, just 10 years after the first case of renal papillary necrosis was reportedl 2 but the association between the excessive use of phenacetin-containing analgesics and the development of renal damage was not recognised until 1953,3 since when there has been gradual recognition that excessive analgesic consumption is a major cause of chronic renal disease in many p...

Linum usitatissimum L is traditionally used for relief of pain and inflammation. In this study, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of this plant were evaluated. Xylene test was used for anti-inflammatory evaluation in which 48 mice were randomly designated into 6 groups of 8 each including: control, dexamethasone as positive control (15 mg/kg), and experimental groups (42, 85, 170, and...

Objective. To evaluate the synergistic analgesic effect of essential oil of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. (EOZ) and verapamil (Ver). Method. The qualitative and quantitative composition of EOZ were determined with gas chromatography/Mass spectrometer. The interaction between EOZ and Ver in antinociceptive activity was evaluated by using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and tai...

Melatonin has been suggested as a new natural pain killer in inflammatory pain and during surgical procedures. We designed this randomized double-blind controlled study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and also optimal preemptive dose of melatonin in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia . One hundred twenty patients scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesi...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the pods of Astragalus hamosus (HAAH), a plant used in Iranian traditional medicine, and antinociceptive effects of different fractions in animal models. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by the rat paw edema induced by formalin. Also the analgesic effect was exa...

BACKGROUND Doses for intrathecal opioid-local anesthetic mixtures have been arbitrarily chosen. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacies of intrathecal ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine for labor analgesia and to determine the analgesic potency ratios for these three drugs. For this purpose, the authors used the up-down sequential allocation model, which estimat...