Extending formal verification methodology toward analog circuits is a very challenging task that will occupy researchers for some time. To put this challenge in context we sketch some of the history of digital circuit verification as well as more recent attempts to adapt it to continnuous and hybrid systems.

This paper presents a review on implementation issues of Artificial Neural Networks. Implementation models and various properties of the artificial neurons are discussed. We have surveyed various research contributions in the area of Neural Hardware. The review of implementation for neural hardware is divided into three broad categories – Analog, Digital and Hybrid architecture.

IBOC DAB (In-Band On-Channel Digital Audio Broadcasting) requires the simultaneous broadcast of an analog and a digital signal within one channel of the FM band. Because broadcasters are adding IBOC to their existing systems, it is vital that they achieve maximum power efficiency while working within their existing space and power limitations. There are currently three different strategies prop...

We study the problem of transmitting a Gaussian source with memory to a digital and a linear-analog receiver, over an arbitrarily colored, non-degraded Gaussian broadcast channel. The main result of this work is a complete characterization of the set of achievable distortion pairs at the two receivers given a power constraint at the transmitter. Further, we show a constructive hybrid uncoded-co...

We have prepared by semisynthetic methods a two-chain insulin/insulin-like growth factor I hybrid that contains a synthetic peptide related to residues 22-41 of insulin-like growth factor I linked via peptide bond to ArgB22 of des-octapeptide-(B23-B30)-insulin and have applied the analog to the analysis of ligand interactions with the type I insulin-like growth factor and insulin receptors of p...

Robust stability results for nominally linear hybrid systems are obtained from total stability theorems for purely continuous-time and discrete-time systems. The class of hybrid systems dealt with consists of, in general, coupled continuous-time and digital systems subject to state perturbations whose nominal (i.e., unperturbed) parts are linear and time-varying, in general. The obtained suffic...

Embedded systems are composed of a heterogeneous collection of digital, analog, and mixed-signal hardware components. This paper presents a method for the verification of systems composed of such a variety of components. This method utilizes a new model, timed hybrid Petri nets (THPN), to model these circuits. In particular, this paper describes an efficient, approximate algorithm to find the r...

In recent years the popularity of hybrid filter bank technologies for analog-to-digital conversion (HFB ADC) has increased and they have found their way from the academic world to industrial applications. Hybrid filter bank designs are based on an established mathematical framework for optimized converter designs. TimeInterleaved ADC (TIADC) technologies have a much longer history; nevertheless...

Not too surprisingly, a Digital Radio Single Frequency Network (SFN) shares the same properties as a Digital Television SFN. For this reason some of this paper has been taken from [1]. The main differences between radio and TV SFN are due to the different S/N requirements and guard intervals. SFNs do offer significant potential advantages including better coverage, less interference, less power...

Memristors are becoming a promising non-CMOS high-density memory solution as CMOS technology approaches atomic limits. However, high electrical variability of both memristors and the analog reading circuitries cause significant error rates and the use of transistors limits the density of memristor/transistor hybrid architectures. This work presents a multi-memristor cell design that is robust w...