Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase that is currently the focus of much attention in oncology. ALK is rendered oncogenic as a result of its fusion to NPM1 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, to TPM3 or TPM4 in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, to EML4 in non-small cell lung carcinoma, and to VCL in renal medullary carcinoma. It is also activated as a res...

Contributions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to progression in thyroid cancer are largely unexplored and may illuminate a basis for understanding rarer aggressive cases of this disease. In this study,we investigated the relationship between the TME and thyroid cancer progression in a mouse model where thyroid-specific expression of oncogenic BRAF and loss of Pten (Braf/Pten / /TPO-Cre) lea...

Thyroid cancer is a malignant neoplasm originated from thyroid cells. It can be classified into papillary carcinomas (PTCs) and anaplastic carcinomas (ATCs). Although ATCs are in an very aggressive status and cause more death than PTCs, their difference is poorly understood at molecular level. In this study, we focus on the transcriptome difference among PTCs, ATCs and normal tissue from a publ...

BACKGROUND The PI3K family participates in multiple signaling pathways to regulate cellular functions. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development. O-GlcNAcylation, a posttranslational modification, is thought to modulate a wide range of biological processes, such as transcription, cell growth, signal transduction, and cell motility. O-GlcNAcylation is ca...

ObjectivesEpidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Tyrosine Inhibitors (TKIs) are the preferred treatment option for patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations ALK rearrangements respectively. TKIs can theoretically induce thyroid dysfunction via actions on many levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. ...

BACKGROUND EDC1 is a novel type of antibody-drug conjugate which binds and inhibits the Na,K-ATPase on the surface of cancer cells expressing dysadherin. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of dysadherin in different types of thyroid carcinoma, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of EDC1 for thyroid carcinomas. METHODS Thyroid tissues from 158 patients were examined f...

The four regulatory subunits (R1A, R1B, R2A, R2B) of protein kinase A (PKA) are differentially expressed in several cancer cell lines and exert distinct roles in both cell growth and cell differentiation control. Mutations of the PRKAR1A gene have been found in patients with Carney complex and in a minority of sporadic anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. The aim of the study was to retrospectively e...

Thyroid cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed during pregnancy after breast cancer. The goal of management is to control malignancy and prevent maternal and fetal complications as a result of maternal hypothyroidism. The role of female sex hormones as an etiologic factor was investigated, with no clear association. Pregnancy can cause an increase in size of a previously existed thyr...

Thyroid cancer (TC) is categorized into papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. The TC increasing in several countries, including China, the United States, Kingdom, Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Japan, Spain, Italy. Thus, this review comprehensively covers factors that affect thyroid gland function, types, risk factors, symptoms. Lifestyle (such as nutrient consumption smoking) ...