Our understanding of the evolution of domestication has changed radically in the past 10 years, from a relatively simplistic rapid origin scenario to a protracted complex process in which plants adapted to the human environment. The adaptation of plants continued as the human environment changed with the expansion of agriculture from its centres of origin. Using archaeogenomics and computationa...

The medieval Norsemen or Vikings had an important biological and cultural impact on many parts of Europe through raids, colonization and trade, from about AD 793 to 1066. To help understand the genetic affinities of the ancient Norsemen, and their genetic contribution to the gene pool of other Europeans, we analysed DNA markers in Late Iron Age skeletal remains from Norway. DNA was extracted fr...

Recently, the study of ancient DNA (aDNA) has been greatly enhanced by the development of second-generation DNA sequencing technologies and targeted enrichment strategies. These developments have allowed the recovery of several complete ancient genomes, a result that would have been considered virtually impossible only a decade ago. Prior to these developments, aDNA research was largely focused...

Phylogenetic analyses of ancient DNA data can provide a timeline for evolutionary change even in the absence of fossils. The power to infer the evolutionary rate is, however, highly dependent on the number and age of samples, the information content of the sequence data and the demographic history of the sampled population. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Sheng et al. (2014) analysed mitoch...

Karaca Oğlan, Türk saz şiirinin öncü âşıklarındandır. Âşık, yaşadığı dönemden bugüne dek etkilerini sürdürmüş; şiirleri ve yaşam felsefesiyle hem dönemi de kendinden sonrasını etkilemiştir. Yaygın kanaate göre 17. yüzyılda Çukurova yöresinde kabul edilen âşığın ilk 1914’te yayımlanmıştır. Oğlan şiirlerinin yabancı bir dilde basılması ise bu tarihten 72 yıl önce, 1842’de gerçekleşmiştir. Alexand...

This article examines problems of selling Russian sugar in Persia towards the end Empire’s existence during first decades 20th century. The clarifies exporters’ achievements and what they faced promoting their products on Persian market. source base made it possible to establish dynamics export indicators, specifics price situation, consumers’ demands for this period. author peculiarities sale ...

Rosa foetida Herrm. is an important wild rose that contributed to the birth of modern yellow cultivars. It also well known for unpleasant odor, not prevalent in other roses, emanating from its petals. We analyzed floral scent R. and sport cultivars, var. bicolor (Jacq.) Willm. f. persiana (Lem.) Rehd., identify causative compounds their offensive odor. Fatty acid derivatives 2,4-decadienal (2,4...

my paper has two parts. first, i talk about the golden rule. after introducing the rule and its global importance, i explain why many scholars dismiss it as a vague proverb that leads to absurdities when we try to formulate it clearly. i defend the golden rule against such objections. second, i talk about the golden rule in persia and islam; i consider persian sources (muslim and non-muslim) an...

In ancient culture and in different parts of world, there exist empirical knowledge of the use of plants for pest control for thousands of years (approx. 1500 BC), for example rotenone in east Asia and south America, neem in India, sabadilla in central and south America, and pyrethrin in Persia (Iran). Subsequently, botanical insecticides were introduced in prominent continents like Europe and ...