the alginate was extracted with six different methods from iran south seacoast algae, sargassum sp, and the percentage yield of alginate was determined. we divided our methods to two groups including acidic extraction and non-acidic. in acidic methods, hcl and h 2 so 4 were used as a detergent in extraction process and cacl 2 was exerted in non-acidic treatments. all treatments compared with ea...

development of industrial activities around the world, especially during the last decades has resulted in environmental pollution rising. soil pollution is always considered as one of the most dangerous environmental threat for human’s life, fauna and flora. heavy metals such as arsenic are potential hazardous elements in generating the soil pollution. these materials could be entered into the ...

The discovery in the late 1960s of ‘dead’ or dying lakes (Beamish and Harvey, 1972) nearly devoid of living animals and plants owing to the effects of acid precipitation spawned intense research into the effects of low pH environments on the physiology of freshwater fish. Over the next decade, an extensive body of literature documented the adverse effects of acid environments on acid–base statu...

DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201601275 order to bridge the time gap between supply and demand. Molecular fuels like hydrogen or hydrocarbons produced from renewable electricity and water or CO2, respectively, can provide such a longterm chemical energy storage solution.[1–3] Considering hydrogen, its reconversion to electrical energy can be efficiently performed in fuel cells.[4] In a transition period, h...

This minireview presents recent advances in our understanding of iron oxidation and homeostasis in acidophilic Bacteria and Archaea. These processes influence the flux of metals and nutrients in pristine and man-made acidic environments such as acid mine drainage and industrial bioleaching operations. Acidophiles are also being studied to understand life in extreme conditions and their role in ...

conclusions accordingly, it can be concluded that locally low temperatures and acidic conditions are the main suspected reasons for protein misfolding. results based on the study findings the low temperature, 0°c, and acidic condition change the structure more strongly than other mentioned conditions. the low temperature and acidic conditions seem to have the most misfolding effect on insulin s...

Abstract Biofilm is the most successful and widely distributed form of life on earth, it not simply structured collections cells attached to surfaces but a dynamic complex biological system able respond environmental changes. The biofilm characteristics make unique central microbial evolution adaptation. ability establish biofilms key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments lik...

Dynamically crosslinked materials generally lose their self-healing ability and mechanical robustness in aqueous, acidic, basic environments due to disruption of dynamic interactions bonds. Herein, a micelle-like structure with hydrophobic outer layer is used protect ionic interactions. This ensures the long-term stability ionically elastomers environments. The elastomer possesses tensile stren...