During the post-World War II era there has been a huge boom in introduction of new medical therapies and in improvement of health care systems. New methods are used to increase the efficiency of medical treatment by combination of knowledge derived from the literature, clinical guidelines made on practice-based evidence, and a dialogue between healthcare professionals, clinicians and patients. ...

background: a number of drugs are used to control opioid withdrawal symptoms during detoxification. tramadol, as a partial opioid agonist, has been widely used to manage acute and chronic pains. the present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of tramadol in methadone-assisted detoxification.   methods: in a double-blind randomized clinical trial 72 opioid-dependent patients as define...

introduction dental trauma is one of the most serious oral conditions especially among children. it frequently occurs in children from 6 to 13 years old, often involving teeth with incomplete root formation. the most common dental injury at this age is crown fracture. arguments to provide this clinical guide, pubmed and scopus were searched using the following keywords: immature, incisor and pu...

Background: Back pain is a common patients’ complaint, and its etiology is important because of different potential treatment approaches (based on causes). For a better diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in clinical settings that may result in inappropriate requests. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of the lumbosacral MRI requests in patients with ba...

Putting charts together Several clinicians and resources provide information for the comparison charts. At the outset, physicians provide information and identify current questions and controversies. In a review of therapy, program staff sort through original clinical trials, evidence-based reviews, recent overviews, and clinical guidelines and sift through information from drug databases (Micr...

BACKGROUND Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is one of few interventions that improve survival after a cardiac arrest with good neurological outcome. Current guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation recommend TH in comatose adult patients after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) regardless of cardiac arrest location and cardiac rhythm during the event. AIM To evaluate level of TH impleme...

Identification of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and Th17 modified the historical Th1-Th2 paradigm. Currently, the Th17-Tregs dichotomy provides a dominant conceptual framework for the comprehension of immunity/inflammation and tolerance/immunosuppression in an increasing number of diseases. Targeting proinflammatory Th17 cells or immunosuppressive Tregs has been widely considered as a promising therapeutic ...