Nowadays, it is necessary to apply modern techniques for the design of road networks, especially roads passing through ecosystems such as forests, in order to reduce operating costs, prevent further degradation of the environment, increase road efficiency and achieve sustainable development goals. In this paper, a new way of designing the road is presented. New design method has the ability to ...

As a measure of cold hardiness, we tested the supercooling points or freezing temperatures of individual hemlock woolly adelgids (Adelges tsugae Annand) collected from 15 locations across the north to south range of the adelgid in eastern North America at different times during two winters. Adelgids from the northern interior locations with USDA hardiness zones of 5B–6B had lower supercooling p...

Externally shelled cephalopods were important elements in open marine habitats throughout Earth history. Paleotemperatures calculated on the basis of the oxygen isotope composition of their shells can provide insights into ancient marine systems as well as the ecology of this important group of organisms. In some sedimentary deposits, however, the aragonitic shell of the ammonite or nautilid is...

in this paper, we describe our implementation of an interior point algorithm for large scale systems. first we identify system with small and medium methods convex optimization, then we use interior point method for identification. finally we offer an interior point method that uses nonlinear cost function and see that we achieve a good trade-off between error and cpu time. actually, in this pa...

skid resistance and road condition are common indices of road safety; therefore providing adequate skidding resistance will reduce the incidence of road accidents. the surface macrotexture has a large effect on the characteristics of road surface skidding, which is the focus of this research. during the study, the mean texture depth of the road surface was measured, in order to determine the co...

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of mold temperature on grain interior and grain boundary reactions in a14-karat gold alloy. The alloy (Au-15%Ag-3%Pd-24 mass%Cu) was cast into an investment with different mold temperatures (22, 250,400, and 700°C) and then analyzed using SEM, X-ray diffraction, and potentiodynamic polarization tests. Lower mold temperatures(22 and 25...

Windows are an essential part of buildings due to the requirement for natural light, views, and fresh air. However, windows are thermally the weakest bridge in a building due to their high thermal conductivity. Therefore, window U-factor (thermal transmittance) information is indispensable in calculating the overall energy load of a building. U-factors of windows, however, are difficult to obta...

As a measure of cold hardiness, we tested the supercooling points or freezing temperatures of individual hemlock woolly adelgids (Adelges tsugae Annand) collected from 15 locations across the north to south range of the adelgid in eastern North America at different times during two winters. Adelgids from the northern interior locations with USDA hardiness zones of 5B-6B had lower supercooling p...

With a panoramic view of the scene, a single omnidirectional camera can monitor the 360-degree surround of the vehicle or monitor the interior and exterior of the vehicle at the same time. We investigate problems associated with integrating driver assistance functionalities that have been designed for rectilinear cameras with a single omnidirectional camera instead. Specifically, omnidirectiona...

In this paper a robust road departure avoidance system based on a closed-loop driver decision estimator (DDE) is presented. The main idea is that of incorporating the driver intent in the control of the vehicle. The driver decision estimator computes the vehicle look ahead lateral position based on the driver input and uses this position to establish the risk of road departure. To induce a risk...