conclusions according to the appearance of the purple line in most of the cases and its high sensitivity and specificity, we can use it as a non-invasive complementary method for clinical assessment of labor progress. results the purple line appeared in 75.3% of women during the active phase of labor. appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90.2% sensitivity, 45.3%...

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of optimal minimum wage policy in a perfectly competitive labor market. We show that a binding minimum wage – while leading to unemployment – is nevertheless desirable if the government values redistribution toward low wage workers and minimum wage induced unemployment hits the lowest surplus workers first. This result remains true in the presence of o...

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of optimal minimum wage policy in a perfectly competitive labor market. We show that a binding minimum wage -while leading to unemployment -is nevertheless desirable if the government values redistribution toward low wage workers and if unemployment induced by the minimum wage hits the lowest surplus workers first. This result remains true in the prese...

Conservation farming (CF) offers a set of sustainable agronomic practices for Zambian smallholder farmers using either hand hoe or animal draft tillage. The CF package includes dry-season land preparation using minimum tillage methods (hand hoe basins or ADP ripping), crop residue retention, precision input application (in a precise grid of planting basins or along rip lines), and nitrogen-fixi...

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of optimal minimum wage policy in a perfectly competitive labor market. Introducing a minimum wage is desirable if the government values redistribution toward low wage workers. This result remains true in the presence of optimal nonlinear taxes and transfers. In that context, a minimum wage effectively rations low skilled labor which is subsidized by t...

The production of agricultural products is a complex, specific and labor-intensive process. Agricultural depends on number climatic natural factors. influence the seasons growth crops determines nature work in agro-industrial complex. In certain seasons, agriculture needs additional labor. These provisions provide for appearance labor legislation Russia, foreign states international legal acts ...

This paper documents “sharp retirement”—retirement accompanied by a discontinuous decline in labor supply—across three data sets, which previous literature found difficult to explain. I propose and estimate a life-cycle labor supply model with habit persistence wherein sharp retirement can be explained by workers quitting “cold turkey.” In much the same way that one might quit smoking, workers ...