The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily that plays an important role in male sexual differentiation and prostate cell proliferation. Mutations or abnormal expression of AR in prostate cancer can play a key role in the process that changes prostate cancer from androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent stage. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we were able to ...

PURPOSE We investigated sex-hormone receptor expression as predicting factor of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated tumor specimens from patients treated for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder at our institution between January 2006 and January 2011. Performing immunohistochemistry using a m...

Androgen-dependent human LNCaP 104-S tumor xenografts progressed to androgen-independent relapsed tumors (104-Rrel) in athymic mice after castration. The growth of 104-Rrel tumors was suppressed by testosterone. However, 104-Rrel tumors adapted to androgen and regrew as androgen-stimulated 104-Radp tumors. Androgen receptor expression in tumors and serum prostate-specific antigen increased duri...

BACKGROUND Hormone receptors, including the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and other biomarkers like Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as HER1), the androgen receptor, and p53, are key molecules in breast cancer. This study evaluated the relationship between HER2 and hormone receptors and explored the addition...

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare X-linked recessive androgen receptor (AR) disorder. However, the overlap in clinical manifestations between AIS and other disorders of sex development can cause diagnostic difficulties. Applying whole coding region sequencing method an optimal for diagnosis AIS. In this study, whole-exome was performed to screen mutations AR gene as well genes rel...

Background/Aim: Androgen receptor (AR) degradation is the primary regulator of androgen activity. This study was designed to investigate influence proteasome on AR protein stability after enzalutamide (Enz) treatment. Materials and Methods: Cell counting treatment utilized assess effect Enz cell proliferation. Changes in mRNA levels were evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain re...