Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor–mediated angioedema is the most common cause of and accounts for one-third emergency department visits angioedema. Nonpitting edema face, lips, tongue, supraglottic/glottic structures may be present, with 9.5 to 15% patients requiring airway management.1,2 When respiratory difficulties are mortality rate 11%.3 can unprovoked or triggered by trauma, includ...

The renin-angiotensin system is primarily responsible for regulating vascular tone. Drugs that inhibit this pathway, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists, are widely used to treat hypertension and a variety of cardiomyopathies. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to reducing blood pressure, these drugs also modulate inflammation, adhesion molecul...

Angiotensin II, through its effects at the angiotensin-type 1 receptor, elevates arterial pressure and exacerbates hypertensive heart disease. Alterations in coronary hemodynamics, including reductions in coronary blood flow and flow reserve promotes coronary insufficiency and contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with these conditions. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, ...