A number of important questions surrounding the treatment of systolic congestive heart failure have been answered by randomised clinical trials completed within the past 2 years. In particular, these studies have established that high-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is more beneficial than low dose therapy, and that angiotensin II receptor antagonists are an acceptable alter...

A 42-year-old Caucasian female with history of neurofibromatosis type 1 presented with nephrotic range proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). On final dose of lisinopril 20 mg/day, protein-creatinine ratio declined to 0.33 within 10 months. We propose the hypothesis that development of FSGS in NF1 may be mediated by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and m...

Somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an essential component of the renin-angiotensin system and consequently plays a key role in blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. Thus, ACE inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, causing a decrease in the production of angiotensin II and an increase in the circulating vasodilator bradykinin. The ectodomain of A...

The story of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors started approximately 50 years ago, when it was discovered that human plasma incubated with the venom of the Brazilian viper, Bothrops Jararaca, generated a hypotensive compound. This discovery quickly led to the characterisation of the active principle of the venom by Fereira and Greene as a family of peptides, which were named bradyk...

The lengthy course of IgA nephropathy and the possibility of good outcomes without therapy suggest nontoxic therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs.) Among patients with IgA nephropathy, both ACE inhibitors and ARBs reduce the transglomerular passage of large, but not small, molecules, reducing proteinuria. The antiproteinuric eff...

Despite the huge amount of studies looking for candidate genes, the ACE gene remains the unique, well-characterized locus clearly associated with pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease, and with response to treatment with drugs that directly interfere with the renin angiotensin system (RAS), such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antag...

Prevention of events with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (the PEACE study design). Indications for coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic stable angina: review of the evidence and methodological considerations. effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition on inflammatory marker...

Therapeutic methods directed at alleviating the basic pathological processes of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) are yet to be established. Although there seems to be little doubt that intraocular pressure (IOP) represents a risk factor in most patients, reduction of IOP does not prevent progression in every patient with NTG, indicating that factors other than elevated IOP are involved in glaucoma...

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) are commonly used to prevent cardiac remodeling in patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).