Obesity is the prime risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Recent clinical trials have shown that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme or blocking the angiotensin type 1 receptor, may substantially lower the risk for type 2 diabetes. The mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Based on our recent observation that ang...

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers has become a crucial element in cardiovascular and renal medicine. This review evaluates the potential of renin inhibition as an adjunct to therapies that depend on renin system interruption.

The novel coronavirus infection, COVID-19, is a highly contagious viral disease associated with acute, severe respiratory syndrome, which based on the development of pronounced thrombo-inflammatory syndrome. As number patients COVID-19 increased, heart damage has been reported, especially in and critical COVID-19. This review describes role angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor regulation en...

(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is the recently discovered component of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS). Many organs contain their own RAS, wherein PRR can exert organ-specific localized effects. The Binding prorenin/renin to activates angiotensin-dependent and independent pathways which leads development physiological pathological Continued progress in research suggests that upregulation ...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was thought to be in charge of managing blood pressure and electrolytes. It has been established that angiotensin II is also responsible for controlling inflammation addition potassium levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensins (1–7), (1–9), other additional RAS components have identified, anti-angiotensin effects. Both receptor blockers (ARB...

The in vivo generation of angiotensin appears to be dependent on both plasma renin and angiotensinogen concentrations. Much less is known about the control of hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis and release, as compared to that of renin. In this study, we examined the feedback regulation of angiotensinogen synthesis and release by various components of the renin-angiotensin system, using an in vi...

Studies on pharmacological mechanisms demonstrated that a strategy of dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade may have synergistic effect in the treatment cardiorenal diseases and reduce adverse reactions. However, some previous clinical studies reported RAS did not significantly benefit many patients with increased risk hyperkalemia, hypotension renal function damage. Therefore, current g...

Our knowledge of understanding the complex role of renin angiotensin system (RAS) or RA system in human physiology has been widened for more than 100 years and it is rapidly increasing day-by-day. Over the last two decades discoveries of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), putative receptor for angiotensin (Allen et al., 2006; Aronsson et al. 1988; Bickerton & Buckley, 1961; Cooper et al.,...

Recent clinical studies indicate that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system is important to prevent stroke, and accumulating results of basic research also indicate the possible involvement of the central renin-angiotensin system in ischaemic brain damage and cognition. When the angiotensin II type 1 receptor is blocked by an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, unbound angiotensin II acts p...

This lecture summarizes the chronology and rationale that led to the discovery of angiotensin-(1-7) as a hormone that, in its own right, opposes the vasoconstrictor and proliferative actions of angiotensin II. The work discussed here additionally analyzes the newest findings on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the angiotensin-converting enzyme homologue that efficiently hydrolyzes angiotensin I...