Line integral forms for the elastic field of dislocations in anisotropic, multilayer materials are developed and utilized in Parametric Dislocation Dynamics (PDD) computer simulations. Developed equations account for interface image forces on dislocations as a result of elastic modulus mismatch between adjacent layers. The method is applied to study dislocation motion in multilayer thin films. ...

Crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of post-perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 (pPv) has been believed to be one potential source of the seismic anisotropic layer at the bottom of the lower mantle (D″ layer). However, the natural CPO of pPv remains ambiguous in the D″ layer. Here we have carried out the deformation experiments of pPv-(Mg0.75,Fe0.25)SiO3 using synchrotron radial X-ray diffraction i...

The main objective of this research is to develop a micro and nanogap structure using dry anisotropic etching –Reactive Ion EtchingRIE. Amorphous silicon material is used in the micro and nanogap structure and gold as electrode. The fabrication processes of the micro and nanostructure are based on conventional photolithography, wet etching for the Al pattern and wet etching for a-Si pattern usi...

We have performed path-integral Monte Carlo calculations to study 4He adsorption on a single graphene sheet. The 4He-substrate interaction was assumed to be a pairwise sum of the helium-carbon potentials constructed by Carlos and Cole to fit helium scattering data from a graphite surface. We employed both an anisotropic 6-12 Lennard-Jones potential and a spherical 6-12 potential. For both poten...

At the nanoscale, chemistry can happen quite differently due to mechanical forces selectively breaking the chemical bonds of materials. The interaction between chemistry and mechanical forces can be classified as mechanochemistry. An example of archetypal mechanochemistry occurs at the nanoscale in anisotropic detonating of a broad class of layered energetic molecular crystals bonded by inter-l...

We document the hygroscopic swelling and shrinkage of the central and the thickest secondary cell wall layer of wood (named S2) in response to changes in environmental humidity using synchrotron radiation-based phase contrast X-ray tomographic nanoscopy. The S2 layer is a natural fibre-reinforced nano-composite polymer and is strongly reactive to water. Using focused ion beam, micropillars with...

We propose previously unknown allotropes of phosphorus carbide (PC) in the stable shape of an atomically thin layer. Different stable geometries, which result from the competition between sp bonding found in graphitic C and sp bonding found in black P, may be mapped onto 2D tiling patterns that simplify categorizing of the structures. Depending on the category, we identify 2D-PC structures that...

We study, in the context of the full wave equation, an approximate cloaking scheme, that was previously considered for the Helmholtz equation [8], [17]. This cloaking scheme consists in a combination of an absorbing layer with an anisotropic layer, obtained by so-called transformation optics. We give optimal bounds for the visibility that tend to zero as a certain regularization parameter appro...

We continue the development of high-order accurate thin layer approximations for time-domain electromagnetics and focus in this paper on thin transmission layers. The thin transmission layer approximations are valid for general isotropic materials and certain classes of anisotropic materials. The models also allow the inclusion of smoothly curved layers. Both dielectric and magnetic materials c...

One- and two-dimensional high-spatial-frequency dielectric surface-relief gratings on a Au substrate are used to design a high-reflectance quarter-wave retarder at 70° angle of incidence and 10.6-μm light wavelength. The equivalent homogeneous anisotropic layer model is used. It is shown that equal and high reflectances (>98.5%) for the p and the spolarizations and quarter-wave retardation can ...