By gentle annealing, 7 nm cobalt nanoparticles synthesized by soft chemistry, are transformed to hard magnetic hexagonal close packed (HCP) cobalt nanocrystals without changing the size, size distribution and passivating layer. This method permits to recover the nanocrystals isolated in solution after the annealing process and then to study the magnetic properties of the HCP cobalt nanocrystals...

The mechanical properties and microstructural developments of 321 stainless steel during thermomechanical process were investigated. The repetitive cold rolling and subsequent annealing were conducted to achieve nanocrystalline structure in an AISI 321 stainless steel. Heavily cold rolling at −20°C was conducted to form martensite in metastable austenitic steel. The process was followed by anne...

In this study, the effect of cold rolling process on the microstructure and texture evolution in 1wt. % Si non-oriented electrical steel was investigated. For this purpose, all samples were processed through single-stage hot rolling at 1100 ° C and two-stage cold rolling (cross rolling and unidirectional rolling) with intermediate annealing at 650 °C for 35 seconds. Finally, all of them were fu...

Abstract: In the present study the effect of thermomechanical treatment (cold work and annealing) on the transformation behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys was studied. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine transformation temperature and its relation to precipitates and defects. Three alloys including Ti-50.3at.% Ni, Ti-50.5at.% Ni (reclamated orthodontic wires) and 50.6at...

This paper deals with a new algorithm of a parallel simulated annealing HGSA which includes genetic crossover operations. The genetic crossover is used as an enhancement of the origin parallel simulated annealing PSA which allows to recombine solutions produced by individual simulate annealing processes at fixed time intervals. It is found that the proposed algorithm can speed—up the search the...

A gradient annealing cell has been developed for the high-throughput study of thermal annealing effects on thin-film libraries in different environments. The inexpensive gradient annealing unit permits temperature gradients as large as 28 °C∕mm and can accommodate samples ranging in length from 13 mm to 51 mm. The system was validated by investigating the effects of annealing temperature on the...

The effects of prior stored energy level, annealing temperature, heating velocity, and initial grain size on annealing twin development during static recrystallization of commercially pure nickel (99.999 %) are investigated. The twin content (measured as the twin boundary density or as the number of twins per grain) at the end of recrystallization is shown to be primarily influenced by the prio...

Genetic algorithm is widely used in optimization problems for its excellent global search capabilities and highly parallel processing capabilities; but, it converges prematurely and has a poor local optimization capability in actual operation. Simulated annealing algorithm can avoid the search process falling into local optimum. A hybrid genetic algorithm based on simulated annealing is designe...