The generation of multiple vortex cones using an annular aperture array and a spatial light modulator (SLM) is studied. The direct downscale imaging of an SLM on the surface of an annular aperture enables the direct-phase modulation of the annular aperture. It is experimentally demonstrated that the direct-phase modulation of an annular aperture array can control both the topological charge and...

The low-voltage circuit breaker has been used for many years for network and persons protection. The review papers existing on these devices generally deal with electrical aspects or macroscopic information on the arc but few concern the “fine” understanding of arc behaviour from its ignition between the opening contact to the current limitation stage due to its presence in the splitter plates....

This report reanalyzes data from a survey of Ground-Fault Current Interrupters (GFCIs), conducted by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). In that study, participating home inspectors in a number of cities added testing of receptacle and circuit breaker GFCIs to their normal home inspections. The home inspectors reported this data to NEMA. Also as part of the study, homeowne...

Owing to very rapid growth in electronics and technology, it has become very essential to maintain power quality at the consumer end. Since power quality has vast no of assets, mainly important and frequently occurring disturbances are considered in this paper. Power quality is mainly defined by disturbances associated with voltage. However, the voltage disturbances can be classified based on t...

The effects of tuning the parameters of an annular-ring circular patch antenna with a cross-slot are analyzed and discussed. Then, based on this structure, a novel antenna with an electromagnetic bandgap cell system, which consists of a 4×4 annular-slot array in the groundplane, is designed and both numerically and experimentally evaluated. When compared to the annular-ring patch antenna on a g...

The tricuspid valve leaflets and their annular attachments were recorded by two-dimensional echocardiography from a view of the right ventricular inflow tract obtained by placing the transducer at an intermediate position between the left ventricular apex and the left lower sternal border. The transducer was rotated, and recordings were made at 30 degrees rotational intervals around the circumf...

objective(s):atherosclerosis is chronic inflammatory process triggered by oxidative stress. oxidative stress can increase hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)level, which induce atherosclerosis through the processes such as formation of perivascular adipose tissue (pvat), foam cells, and atherosclerotic plaque. antioxidant is needed to control negative effects of oxidative stress. one source of antioxidant...

BACKGROUND It is unknown whether longitudinal rotation (LR), often seen in cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates, may affect mitral annular early diastolic (E') velocities and tricuspid annular motion. We assessed whether (1) LR affects the amplitude and timing of septal and lateral mitral annular E' velocities and tricuspid annular systolic and E' velocities and (2) if systolic strain h...

A variety of polymers or surfactant mixtures or aeration of a number of liquids could generate mixtures of liquid and foam. Therefore, characterizing the properties of liquid/foam mixtures has important applications in the chemical process industry. The lack of a robust automated method for characterization within limited time and with high accuracy, however, has made this task difficult. In th...

The state of the energy-absorption branch MOV in hybrid DC circuit breaker (DCCB) has a very important impact on short fault breaking operation breaker. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate MOV, which also called “sleep component”. Due DCCB being placed indoors, aging mainly caused by short-circuit impulse current. this paper focuses study characteristics MOV. dynamic simulation system was bu...