A 34 year time series (1972–2006) of Landsat imagery for a portion of Snohomish and King Counties, Washington (the Snohomish Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA)) was analyzed to estimate the amount of land that was converted into impervious surface as a result of urban and residential development. Spectral unmixing was used to determine the fractional composition of vegetation, open, and shado...

A modified multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MMESMA) approach is proposed for high-spatial-resolution hyperspectral imagery in the application of impervious surface mapping. Different from the original MESMA that usually selects one endmember spectral signature for each land-cover class, the proposed MMESMA allows the selection of multiple endmember signatures for each land-cover cl...

In many urban settings, groundwater contains volatile organic compounds, such as tricholoroethene, tetrachloroethene, benzene, etc., at concentrations that are at or slightly below non-potable groundwater standards. Some non-potable groundwater standards do not protect against human health risks that might result from vapor intrusion. Vapor intrusion is a process by which vapor phase contaminan...

Climatic shifts, disturbances, and land-use change can alter hydrologic flowpaths, water quality, supply to downstream communities. Prior research investigating streamflow generation processes in mountainous areas has largely focused on high-elevation alpine subalpine catchments; less is known about these lower-elevation foothills montane catchments. In ecoregions, precipitation shifts seasonal...

Marvin E. Bauer is with the Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108. Abstract Various methodologies have been used to estimate and map percent impervious surface area (%ISA) using moderate resolution remote sensing imagery (e.g., Landsat Thematic Mapper). There is, however, a lack of comparative analyses among these m...

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Tohoku University, Japan is developing a new hand-held land mine detection dual-sensor (ALIS) which is equipped with a metal detector and a GPR. ALIS is equipped with a sensor tracking system, which can record the GPR and Metal detector signal with its location. The Migration processing drastically increases the quality of the imaging of the buried objects.Evaluation test of ALIS has been condu...

Classification-based applications of remotely sensed data have increased significantly over the years. Very often, these data are gathered from different sources and in different formats causing the classification process to be scenespecific. Alternatively, spectral band indices have been developed to emphasize some elements based on spectral characteristics and therefore improving the final cl...

It has been proposed that hematopoietic and endothelial cells are derived from a common cell, the hemangioblast. In this study, we demonstrate that a subset of CD34(+) cells have the capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These differentiated endothelial ce...