Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be progressive and may be associated with permanent joint damage and disability. Early identification of PsA will enable these patients with progressive disease to be treated early and aggressively. Due to lack of consistent diagnostic or classification criteria in the past, PsA was considered as uncommon. Overall it affects 6...

In addition to the respiratory system, severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strikes other systems, including digestive, circulatory, urogenital, and even central nervous as its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) is expressed in various organs, such lungs, intestine, heart, esophagus, kidneys, bladder, testis, liver, brain. Different mechanisms, particular, massive virus r...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the form of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's (CD) has multifactorial etiology multiple inflammatory pathways. Newer treatments with biologic agents are used as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Biological such anti-TNF, anti-integrin, anti-interleukin believed be able overcome inflammation that underlies occurrence IBD. The “step up” approach IBD therapy...

The study aimed to describe the effectiveness of switching the anti-TNFα agent when an acceptable clinical response has not been obtained with the first anti-TNFα agent in patients with uveitis in VKH syndrome. Patients diagnosed with VKH syndrome being evaluated from the uveitis unit of a single tertiary hospital from January 1, 2000, to October 30, 2015. Patients who presented uveitis with an...

Paracetamol is a commonly used NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent) since its introduction by Von Mering in 1893. Its popularity is because of its long safety record and good efficacy in children and adults. Though it has been used for so many years, its mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. NSAIDS inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting COX-1(Cyclooxygenase-1) and COX-2(C...