Objective: Diabetes mellitus Type 2 is one of the most widespread chronic metabolic diseases. In most cases, this type of diabetes is associated with alterations in levels of some inflammatory cytokines and hormones. Considering anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), anti-diabetic properties of these two well-known anti...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) not only induces apoptotic signals but also causes antiapoptotic and regenerative responses in the liver. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of the latter events remains unclear. In the present study, we examined TNF-alpha-induced genes in Hc human normal (unsensitized) hepatocytes by cDNA microarray analysis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) induction was the most ...

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TNF-alpha is the dominant cytokine in inflammatory osteolysis. Using mice whose BM stromal cells and osteoclast precursors are chimeric for the presence of TNF receptors, we found that both cell types mediated the cytokine's osteoclastogenic properties. The greater contribution was made, however, by stromal cells that express the osteoclastogenic cytokine M-CSF. TNF-alpha stimulated M-CSF gene ...

We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) strongly potentiates interleukin-3 (IL-3)-induced short-term proliferation of human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). Using longer term cultures of CD34+ HPC, we demonstrate here that this initial potentiation ceases after 10 to 12 days; whereupon TNF alpha displays inhibitory effects. Thus, TNF alpha was found to i...

To test for tumour necrosis-like factor (TNF) of chickens, supernatants of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated chicken macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU were analysed. A sequence of ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography was utilised to isolate TNF-like activity from the culture supernatant. The peak of TNF-like cytotoxic activity corresponded to the fractions with a molecular weight of 81...

Many actions of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) on gene expression are mediated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Activation of NF-kappaB by TNF and IL-1 is initiated by the phosphorylation of the inhibitory subunit, IkappaB, which targets IkappaB for degradation and leads to the release of active NF-kappaB. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammat...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT) alpha/beta play multiple roles in the development and function of the immune system. This article focuses on three important aspects of the effects of these cytokines on the immune response and on autoimmunity. In several experimental systems (Jurkat T cells, murine T-cell hybridomas), TNF-alpha appears to cause a downregulation of signalin...

OBJECTIVE Mucosal healing (MH) is an important treatment goal in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but factors predicting MH under medical therapy are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to characterize predictive factors for MH in anti-TNF-alpha antibody-treated IBD patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 248 IBD patients (61.3% CD, 38.7% UC) treated with anti-TNF-al...

We demonstrated previously that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin (Ltx) is greatly able to induce apoptotic signaling in cells that are positive for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), a cell receptor of Ltx. We investigated in this study whether inflammatory cytokines can regulate apoptosis of human leukemic HL-60 cells induced by Ltx. Of the cytokines tested, tumor...