The problem of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is a problem in genetic ecology. For the past half century, microbes have been exposed to enormous quantities of toxic agents (antibiotics) and they have survived. The principal survival strategy employed was the functional acquisition and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. It is apparent that the genetic mechanisms in...

Shrimp farming is a sufficiently large and mature industry to have an effective range of antimicrobial agents for most bacterial diseases in shrimp culture. However, at present, there exists great concern over the widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture, which may result in residue of antibiotics in water and mud, and subsequently, the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria in th...

We must change how antibiotics are used and adopt proactive strategies, similar to those used to save endangered species. Preservation of the efficacy of antibiotics and to stabilization of antibiotic-susceptible bacterial ecosystems should be global goals.

background :    klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most common and significant agents of community and hospital-acquired infections. plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) was increasingly identified in enterobacteriaceae family worldwide. plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) was first reported in 1998 from a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in the usa. till date, five qnr proteins h...

results the k. pneumonia isolates were resistant to erythromycin (70%), cefixime (53.3%), tetracycline (50%) and ceftazidime (36.6%). the amplification of teta and tetb genes of k. pneumonia revealed that all of the isolates harbored these genes. conclusions resistance to tetracycline and other antibiotics, and the presence of various resistance genes in k. pneumonia strains are alarming signs ...

Several mechanisms are responsible for the ability of microorganisms to tolerate antibiotics, and the incidence of resistance to these compounds within bacterial species has increased since the commercial use of antibiotics became widespread. To establish the extent of and changes in the diversity of antibiotic resistance patterns in natural populations, we determined the MICs of five antibioti...

background: methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) nasal carriers play role in development of nosocomial infections and may increase treatment costs and mortality rate. these isolates, in addition to beta lactamase, is resistant to other drugs. carrier frequency and spectrum awareness of drug sensitivity in these isolates will be useful in choosing more effective methods of control ...

Susceptibility to antibiotics of 4,816 clinical L. monocytogenes strains isolated since 1926 was studied, and the temporal evolution of susceptibility to antibiotics was analyzed through several decades. The mechanisms of resistance in each resistant strain were studied. The prevalence of resistant strains was estimated at 1.27% among isolates from humans. Resistance to tetracyclines+ and fluor...