background: cigarette smoking has been linked with the suppression of immune responses and increased susceptibility to numerous infections in humans. tetanus is also a major public health problem in many countries. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in c igarette smoking and healthy non-smoking people .   materials and methods: a total...

background: anti-hla-antibodies are known to affect the allograft survival in transplant recipient patients. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between anti-hla antibodies and kidney allograft outcomes, particularly in recipients with concur-rent donor bone marrow cell infusion (dbmi). methods: between june 2006 and may 2007, forty living unrelated donor kidney tra...

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that infects human and almost all warm-blooded animals. The life cycle of the parasite includes an asexual reproduction in intermediate hosts (Mammals and birds) and a sexual reproduction in definitive hosts (Felidae). Cats are both the intermediate and the definitive host for T. gondii. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-T. gondii antibo...

Beta 2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is a single chain 50 kDa highly glycosylated glycoprotein at an approximate concentration of 4 μM in cells. The abundance of this protein in plasma and its high state of preservation indicate the important role of this protein in mammalian. In addition, β2GPI has a particular structure in the fifth domain, and is categorized as the major antigen recognized by autoa...

Background: Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder that is diagnosed based on clinical case identification, serological screening, and duodenal histology. However, the existence of mild clinical forms, such as seronegative cases with patchy atrophy and potential celiac disease, can make it difficult to determine a definitive diagnosis. The seronegative patients with celiac disease can i...

Neospora caninum is a worldwide distributed pathogen which causes abortion in cattle leading to economic loss in the cattle industry. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum antibodies in the native cattle slaughtered in various areas of Kurdistan province (western Iran) from September 2010 to September 2011. Serum samples from 368 cattle slaugh...