Donors not meeting standard criteria, such as those with bacteremia, are now being used in response to the increasing need for organs for transplantation. Recommended strategies to prevent the occurrence of donor-derived bacteremia include the use of directed antibiotic prophylaxis. However, this approach does not eliminate the risk of infection transmission. Similarly, the management of organ ...

Studies evaluating bacterial prophylaxis of patients under high risk for the development of febrile neutropenia have been published since the 1980s.1-3 Initially, trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole was used, but this is associated with an unacceptable risk of myelosuppression. Thus, fluoroquinolones became the treatment of choice worldwide, due to their good oral tolerability, broad antimicrobi...

Antimicrobial resistance is occurring everywhere in the world, compromising our ability to treat infectious diseases, as well as undermining many other advances in health and medicine, including complex surgical procedures.1 In response to the recognition of this rapidly emerging crisis, the UK Government commissioned the “Review on Antimicrobial Resistance” which concluded2 that ‘more consumpt...

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is often used by surgeons to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) following operations. Despite the availability of several national guidelines for proper antibiotic prophylaxis, adherence guideline recommendations, especially in developing countries, still sub-optimal. This study aimed assess American Society Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) prophylactic use...

During a pneumococcal disease outbreak in a pediatric psychiatric unit in a hospital in Rhode Island, USA, 6 (30%) of 20 patients and staff were colonized with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15A, which is not included in pneumococcal vaccines. The outbreak subsided after implementation of antimicrobial drug prophylaxis and enhanced infection control measures.

BACKGROUND The use of quinolone prophylaxis in high-risk neutropenic patients is considered standard of care but the development of resistance is a concern. Previous studies have focused mainly on quinolone resistance among patients receiving prophylaxis, with very few data reporting its impact on the hospital microbial epidemiology. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 329 episodes of chemotherap...

We describe the first known case of a fatal infection with small colony variants of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with AIDS. Recovered from three blood cultures as well as from a deep hip abscess, these variants may have resulted from long-term antimicrobial therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Background Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent and also reduces the mortality among adults and children when used as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV infected patients. Drug resistant to TMP-SMX along with Extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae is creating major therapeutic problem in clinical setti...

Media reports suggested increased public demand for anthrax prophylaxis after the intentional anthrax cases in 2001, but the magnitude of anthrax-related prescribing in unaffected regions was not assessed. We surveyed a random sample of 400 primary care clinicians in Minnesota and Wisconsin to assess requests for and provision of anthrax-related antimicrobial agents. The survey was returned by ...

We report a case of surgical site infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila following leech therapy. Antimicrobial and genetic analyses of leech and patient isolates demonstrated that the resistant isolates originated from the leech gut microbiota. These data suggest that ciprofloxacin monotherapy as a prophylaxis regimen prior to leech therapy may not be effective in preventi...