INTRODUCTION An increasing number of treatment-experienced perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHA) are being transitioned from paediatric centres to adult HIV-care [1]. Most of them had been heavily exposed to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), harbour drug-resistant viruses and require non-antiretroviral medication due to comorbidities [2]. This may predispose for clinically significant drug-drug...

During the last few years in Romania, increased numbers of new HIV infections among ethnobotanicals intravenous drug users (eIVDU) were observed. Although most cases have relatively good immunological status, some patients reclaim antiretroviral (ARV) treatment because of very low CD4 count, severe comorbidities and/or pregnancies despite difficulties related to their adherence. Retrospective a...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alcohol abuse complicates treatment of HIV disease and is linked to poor outcomes. Alcohol pharmacotherapies, including disulfiram (DIS), are infrequently utilized in co-occurring HIV and alcohol use disorders possibly related to concerns about drug interactions between antiretroviral (ARV) medications and DIS. METHOD This pharmacokinetics study (n=40) examined the e...

Background: Adherence to taking ARV (antiretroviral) is a term used describe the patient's behavior in medication correctly regarding dose, frequency, and time. To get response suppress number of viruses up 85%, 95% compliance required use drugs. Failure achieve adherence rates less than will reduce suppression HIV replication. In general, non-compliance explained.Purpose: analyze effectiveness...

BACKGROUND Designing optimal antiretroviral (ARV) salvage regimens for multiclass drug-resistant, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients demands specific clinical skills. Our aim was to assess the virologic and immunologic effects of the treatment recommendations drafted by a peer advisory board to physicians caring for heavily ARV-experienced patients. METHODS We conducted a na...

BACKGROUND Single dose nevirapine and a short course of zidovudine (AZT) are now administered in most hospitals in Uganda to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. The effectiveness of these antiretroviral (ARV) regimens has been shown in the clinical trials but has not been demonstrated outside the clinical trials setting in this country. OBJECTIVES The study evaluated the effec...

BACKGROUND Mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can transmit the virus to their babies in utero, intrapartum or postpartum through breastfeeding. Maternal to child transmission can be prevented through administration of antiretroviral drugs to mother and child, and through restriction of breastfeeding. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child t...

BACKGROUND The magnitude of infant antiretroviral (ARV) exposure from breast milk is unknown. METHODS We measured concentrations of nevirapine, lamivudine, and zidovudine in serum and whole breast milk from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women in Botswana receiving ARV treatment and serum from their uninfected, breast-feeding infants. RESULTS Twenty mother-infant pairs...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral (ARV) adherence of ≥ 95% is recommended for suppressing HIV. However, studies have shown that the ≥ 95% recommended level is rarely achieved. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional community-based study sought to assess factors contributing to ARV drug adherence among adults living with HIV or AIDS. SETTING The study was conducted in a rural community in Machakos County, K...