BACKGROUND Dextromethorphan is a safe, effective cough suppressant, available without a prescription in the United States since 1958. Due to a perceived prevalence of abuse of dextromethorphan by teens, in 2007 the Drug Enforcement Administration requested the Food and Drug Administration evaluate whether dextromethorphan should be recommended for scheduling under the Controlled Substances Act....

Traditionally, the central structure for producing a cough response by electrical stimu lation has been called the cough center (1). In 1948, Borison (2) stimulated the dorsolateral region of the medulla oblongata in the cat and induced a spasmodic respiratory response very similar to coughing, sneezing and retching. Chakravarty et al. (3) induced the same response by stimulating the same area ...

Verbascum species, the largest genus of the family Scrophulariaceae, have been used in traditional medicines for centuries in almost all parts of the world. In this paper, the usage, biological activities (antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, wound healing, cytotoxic, anticancer, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anthelmintic, antiviral, an...

This invention is a healthful composition comprising a hot-water extract of the cultivated mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. The healthful composition of the invention is an oral healthful composition which is highly safe and has excellent cardiotonic, hypotensive, antitussive and anti-fatigue effects. Inventors: Taketomo; Naoki (Tokyo, JP); Tsunoo; Akinobu (Tokyo, JP); Itoh; Hiroyuki (Kanagawa, J...

Experimental ischemia models have shown the antitussive dextromethorphan to be an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist with neuroprotective properties. We treated 10 patients with a history of recent stroke or transient ischemic attack with oral dextromethorphan (60 mg q.i.d.) for 3 weeks in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover tolerance study. We documented no clinical evidence of toxicity...

BACKGROUND: Anaesthesia at bronchoscopy is a unique challenge for the anaesthesiologist as both and operator work in same airway. It essential that administration of sedative agents must achieve desired depth sedation without risking airway patency, ventilation function cardiovascular function. About 25% patients cite cough most unpleasant effect this procedure. Fentanyl widely chosen agent bec...

The objective of this study was to isolate active alkaloids from the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (BFC), to evaluate their anti-tussive to find the highly active substance from the BFC for further new drug development. Materials and methods: The BFC was extracted with chloroform: methanol and alkaloids were isolated by phytochemical methods. The anti-tussive activity was investigated using amm...

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects of alkaloids imperialine (I), chuanbeinone (II), verticinone (III), and verticine (IV), which were isolated from the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (BFC) using phytochemical method. The results showed that all the alkaloids significantly inhibited cough frequency and increased latent per...