Aminopeptidase I (API) is imported into the yeast vacuole/lysosome by a constitutive non-classical vesicular transport mechanism, the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. Newly synthesized precursor API is sequestered in double-membrane cytoplasmic Cvt vesicles. The Cvt vesicles fuse with the vacuole, releasing single-membrane Cvt bodies containing proAPI into the vacuolar lumen, and m...

Although the majority of known vacuolar proteins transit through the secretory pathway, two vacuole-resident proteins have been identified that reach this organelle by an alternate pathway. These polypeptides are targeted to the vacuole directly from the cytoplasm by a novel import mechanism. The best characterized protein that uses this pathway is aminopeptidase I (API). API is synthesized as ...

A study was undertaken to determine whether emphysema and airway secretory cell metaplasia, induced in hamsters by intratracheal treatment with human neutrophil elastase (HNE), could be moderated by pretreatment with human alpha 1-protease inhibitor (API). API (4.9 mg) was given intratracheally to hamsters 1 h before 0.3 mg HNE. Eight weeks later, lung volumes and pressure-volume relationships ...

This paper mainly introduced how WAP, Google API and 51ditu API were applied to the System of Insects’ Classification Retrieval. The introduction of Google API makes the query interface more visualized, convenient and humane. The purpose of 51ditu API is to provide support for decision-making when open country investigators are considering investigation routes. The application of WAP enables to...

The API Staph Strip system (API System S.A., Montalïeu-Vercieu, France) was compared with conventional methods for identification of Staphylococcus hyicus isolated from cases of exudative epidermitis in swine. The API Staph Strip was found to provide unique profile numbers, namely, 6-514-151, 6-514-153, and 6-516-153. These profile numbers are not listed in the API Staph Strip data base. It was...

The Extended Sockets API (ES-API) is a specification published by the OpenGroup that defines extensions to the traditional socket API which include two major new features: asynchronous I/O, and memory registration. These features enable programmers to take advantage of today’s multi-core processors and Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) network hardware, such as iWARP and InfiniBand interfaces,...

Software systems often undergo significant changes in their life cycle, exposing increasingly complex API to their developers. Without methodical guidances, it is easy to become bogged down in a morass of complex API even for the professional software developers. This paper presents the Flow-Augmented Call Graph (FACG) for taming API complexity. Augmenting the call graph with control flow analy...

The abundance of middleware to access grids and clouds and their often complex APIs hinders ease of programming and portability. The Open Grid Forum (OGF) has therefore initiated the development and standardization of SAGA: a Simple API for Grid Applications. SAGA provides a simple yet powerful API with high-level constructs that abstract from the details of the underlying infrastructure. In th...

ion over the object models of various underlying back-end persistence technologies. UDM supports multiple such back-ends as shown in 1.3. Figure 1.3: Universal Data Model Framework With the GMeta back-end, the model object network physically resides in GME’s relational internal object database. Direct access to this database is accomplished through the GMeta domain-generic API. With the XML bac...

Ensuring the reliability and security of Android apps is important considering the large Android market and the critical usage of Android apps. To analyze and test Android apps, we need to know program paths, i.e., the control flow of callbacks implemented in the apps. One of the challenges to identify such information is the extensive use of the Android API methods in the apps. These methods c...