ebstein's anomaly is defined as the significant apical displacement of the tricuspid valve causing tricuspid regurgitation. although a variety of concomitant lesions have been previously described, we herein introduce an unusual presentation.  our patient was an 86-year-old man with a primary presentation of typical chest pain in the setting of recently diagnosed coronary artery disease with co...

BACKGROUND Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used endodontic irrigant because of its excellent antimicrobial, organic tissue dissolving, and lubricating properties. However, it is highly cytotoxic to the periapical tissues. AIM This study evaluated in vitro the extrusion of 5.25% NaOCl through the apical foramina of mesiobuccal (MB) root canals of maxillary first molars in two ex...

Dens invaginatus is a malformation of teeth probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. Affected teeth show a deep infolding of enamel and dentine starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps, and which may extend deep into the root. Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors and bilateral occurrence is not uncommon. The malforma...

INTRODUCTION Experimental evaluation of endometric devices usually relies on visual, subjective detection of the apical constriction to determine the accuracy of measurements. The aim of the present study was to analyze the accuracy of measurements of Raypex 6 and EndoPilot using a novel, objective image-analysis system. METHODS Onehundred and twenty teeth were randomized and allocated to thr...

PURPOSE The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the accuracy of radiographic and electronic root canal length determination methods, compared with actual root canal length obtained with stereomicroscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were used for this study. After access preparation, actual length (AL) of the root canal were determined for each too...

canal) in the extracted permanent maxillary first molars of a Sulaimani population. An ex vivo study on 180 extracted permanent maxillary first molars was conducted and the floor of the pulp was clearly exposed. The canal orifice was examined clinically by the aid of a chelating agent and magnifying lens. Patency of each canal was established by a no.10 k-type file. The results showed that 23.3...

Introduction: The aim of this article was to emphasize the importance of variations in root canal anatomy. Methods: This case report presents the endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with c-shaped palatal canal bifurcating into two canals at the middle third and exiting from a single apical foramen. The canal morphology was confirmed with the aid of cone beam computerized tomography...

Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital disorder characterized by apical displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Ebstein's anomaly may be seen in association with other cardiac conditions, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). LVNC is characterized by increased trabeculation within the left ventricular apex. Echocardiograph...

A 42-year-old male had undergone a successful closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) seven years earlier for cryptogenic stroke. In spite of several risk factors an incidental coronary angiogram was not performed due to his young age (35 years at that time). Seven years later a myocardial infarction (MI) caused an apical ventricular septal defect (VSD) necessitating a surgical correction. Fina...