Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increased in smokers but reduced in individuals with elevated plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. In a sample of 315 men and women from Iceland, the mean levels of HDL-C and apo A-I in smokers were, respectively, 12% and 6% lower in men and 7% and 6...

The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) has a key function in intracellular apolipoprotein (apo) B lipidation and secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). A recently discovered functional polymorphism in the promoter of the MTP gene (-493G/T) affects the plasma concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the VLDL distribution between large and small partic...

In this issue of Neurology®, Huang et al. describe a higher prevalence of cerebral microbleeds in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in comparison to healthy controls using susceptibility-weighted MRI. They could also link these observations to neuropsychological deficits as measured by the digit span score, in comparison to patients with mTBI without microbleeds. This report alig...

OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is believed to play an important role in lipid metabolism and has been found to be related to diseases associated with ageing, the important characteristic of which is decline in circulating sex steroids, including androgen. DESIGN To find the relationships of levels of serum testosterone and its precursor, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), to ApoE polymorphism ...

BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein A2 (APO A2) is the second most abundant structural apolipoprotein in high density lipoprotein. Several studies have examined the possible effect of APO A2 on atherosclerosis incidence. Due to the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, we aimed to determine the relationship between APO A2 -265T/C polymorphism and inflammation as a risk factor in type 2 diabetes mellit...

Background: Recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence puts patients at higher risk for mortality and morbidity. One of the CVD symptoms is acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Many genetic polymorphisms are factors. This study’s purpose was to investigate correlation between recurrent ACS apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism. Method: Case-control design used in this study. About 90 who vi...

Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is the leading genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it has a gene dose-dependent effect on the risk and age of onset of AD. Although apoE4 is primarily produced by astrocytes in the brain, neurons can also produce apoE4 under stress conditions. ApoE4 is known to inhibit neurite outgrowth and spine development in vitro and in vivo, but the potential influ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects more than 5 million Americans. It is the only disease among the 10 causes of death that cannot be slowed or cured, thus raising the need for identification of early preclinical markers that could be the focus of preventative efforts. Although evidence is escalating that abnormalities in olfactory structure and function pr...

OBJECTIVE To establish the allelic and genotypic frequencies related to apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism and association of the genotypes with risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity in an elderly population with longevity. METHODS We analyzed 70 elderly patients aged 80 years or more who were part of the Projeto Veranópolis. We used the gene amplification technique through the polymera...