Microwave drying technology has the potential for large production time and energy cost savings versus traditional vacuum drying methods for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) applications. One of the most critical parameters in the drying process is the determination of the end point, usually at a specified moisture content. On-line mass spectrometry (MS) was used as a tool to monitor micr...

Attraction of adult codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to sweet baits has been well documented. However, beneficial effects of sugar feeding on moth fitness have not been demonstrated. Longevity, fecundity, and egg fertility were examined for female/male pairs of moths maintained with the following food regimens: water, sucrose water, honey water, apple juice, apple...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fruit ripening in Malus× domestica (apple) is controlled by ethylene. Work in model species has shown that following the detection of ethylene, the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) transcription factor is stabilized, leading to an increase in transcript accumulation of ethylene-responsive genes, such as POLYGALACTURONASE1 (PG1). In the absence of ethylene, the EIN3 BINDING F-bo...

Apple flea weevil, Orchestes pallicornis (Say) was a sporadic pest in the early 1900s and has reemerged as a severe pest of cultivated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) inMichigan. Organic apple orchards inMichigan have had outbreak population levels of apple flea weevil since 2008 and damage has resulted in up to 90% losses. Apple flea weevil is a small, 2–3-mm black weevil with enlarged high leg...

Abstract Biochar is an organic regulator that improves crop yield by regulating soil properties. In addition, this also effective in reducing CO2 emissions from soil. However, considering the management of together with many factors and different properties depending on biochar content, can vary. Thus, study investigated moisture temperature H2O emissions, which affect emission, emission biocha...

Phytic acid was added into apple juice at the concentration of 0.1mmol/L, and the effects of phytic acid on antioxidant activities and the contents of vitamin C and polyphenols and antioxidant activities of apple juice were investigated. The result showed as followed. Vitamin C and polyphenols of apple juice decreased during storage time. Adding phytic acid with concentration of 0.1mmol/L might...

Objectives: The goals of this 4-year project were extended gradually from developing alternative apple coatings to three additional goals: (1) Evaluate flavor of major apple varieties using GC and electronic nose during CA storage and simulated marketing for documentation of changes due to storage time, temperature, atmosphere, and 1-MCP pre-treatment (to determine flavor life as opposed to she...

The rainfastness of a microencapsulated sex pheromone formulation for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments with detached apple, pear, and walnut leaves. Increasing the intensity and duration of simulated rainfall significantly increased the removal of microcapsules from both the top and bottom of apple leaves. The removal of microcapsules was s...

6 7 8 9 Abstract 10 Cyanogenic glycosides are natural plant toxicants. Action by endogenous plant enzymes 11 can release hydrogen cyanide causing potential toxicity issues for animals including 12 humans. We have quantified amygdalin in seeds from different apple varieties, determined 13 the effects of processing on the amygdalin content of apple juice and quantified amygdalin 14 in commerciall...

Multistage heat pump drying of macadamia nut under modified atmosphere was studied to improve the drying process and quality of the nuts. Conditions of study included drying temperature of 40-60°C, using nitrogen and normal air as drying medium. Drying kinetics and quality of nuts (moisture content, aw, rancidity and colour) as well as energy consumption of all drying processes were examined. T...