Evidence from several nations indicates that performance on mental ability tests is rising from one generation to the next, and that this "Flynn effect" has been operative for more than a century. No satisfactory explanation has been found. Nevertheless, the phenomenon has important implications for clinical utilization of IQ tests. This article summarizes the empirical basis of the Flynn effec...

This research investigates what skills, behaviors and traits characterize an effective senior leader within information technology (IT) organizations. We explore specifically IT executives (a leader of leaders) who report directly to the Chief Information Officer. We conducted a qualitative study by interviewing 36 IT professionals using 360 ̊ approach to distill which competencies define an eff...

The effects of state-trait anxiety and distribution of practice on reading comprehension were studied in male and female undergraduates of average aptitude. In Experiment 1 no significant differences were found on an 8-item test between 18 high and 18 low A-trait students who studied a reading passage with a 5-sec or 2-min intertrial interval. Experiment 2 employed a total of 60 students, a sta...

INTRODUCTION Literacy is linked to a range of health outcomes, but its association with reproductive health in high-income countries is not well understood. We assessed the relationship between early-life literacy and childbearing across the reproductive lifecourse in the USA. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort design was employed to assess early-life literacy and subsequent childbearing, usin...

The main challenge of ability tests relates to the difficulty of items, whereas speed tests demand that test takers complete very easy items quickly. This article proposes a conceptual framework to represent how performance depends on both between-person differences in speed and ability and the speed-ability compromise within persons. Related measurement challenges and psychometric models that ...

BACKGROUND Plague is a rapidly progressing, serious illness in humans that is likely to be fatal if not treated. It remains a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of plague's highly focal nature, a thorough ecological understanding of the general distribution pattern of plague across sub-Saharan Africa has not been established to date. In this study, we used human pl...

A competency model of tutoring in China is described and established. Emphasis is placed on the assessment of a tutor’s sense of competence across different domains, instead of viewing perceived competence as a unitary construct. The results show that significant characteristics for an effective tutor include: personal charisma, emotional stability, ability to think clearly, patience, aptitude ...

At ABC College, excessive grade innation has hindered the administration's eeorts to identify the most talented students and to rank the students in a reasonable way. We construct a method for more accurately evaluating student ability that adjusts a student's grade based on whether the professor assigning the grade tends to be unusually harsh or lenient. Since we have no real data, we construc...