Boron toxicity is a world-wide problem for crops, yet we have limited understanding of the genetic responses and adaptive mechanisms to this stress in plants. We employed cross-species comparison between boron stress-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana its stress-tolerant extremophyte relative Schrenkiella parvula, multi-omics approach integrating genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics ionomics ass...

Polycomb-group (Pc-G) proteins repress their target gene expression by assemble complexes in Drosophila and mammals. Three groups of Pc-G genes, controlling seed development, flower development and vernalization response, have been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). MEDEA (MEA), FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED2 (FIS2), and FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) are Pc-G gene...

Plants have the ability to detect invading fungi through the perception of chitin fragments released from the fungal cell walls. Plant chitin receptor consists of two types of plasma membrane proteins, CEBiP and CERK1. However, the contribution of these proteins to chitin signaling is different between Arabidopsis and rice. In Arabidopsis, it seems CERK1 receptor kinase is enough for both ligan...

G ENETIC research involving Arabidopsis thaliana dates back to the 1940s. A renewed interest has developed recently, however, due to recognition of the unique genomic properties of Arabidopsis, which make it an ideal system for molecular studies of flowering plants. This interest has increased to such a point that the international community of Arabidopsis geneticists organized a formal Arabido...

One of the main mechanisms regulating translation is one based on phosphorylation alpha subunit initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) by general control non-repressive (GCN2) protein kinase. In yeast, this kinase binds to two scaffold proteins (GCN1 and GCN20), facilitating its activation translating ribosomes. The homology three exists in Arabidopsis. species, whereas activated under several stress situ...

With the notable exception of angiosperms, all phototrophs contain different sets flavodiiron proteins that help to relieve excess excitation energy on photosynthetic electron transport chain during adverse environmental conditions, presumably by reducing oxygen directly water. Among them, Flv2-Flv4 dimer is only found in β-cyanobacteria and induced high light, supporting a role stress protecti...

Plants face a variety of environmental stresses and have evolved molecular mechanisms to survive these challenges. One of these stresses is low oxygen conditions, which can occur under flooding conditions. Rice (Oryza sativa) is somewhat unique for its ability to tolerate and even germinate under low to no oxygen conditions. In this study, we examined global transcriptomic responses over the co...

The seed size, seed mass, and growth rate of transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing PgTIP1, a ginseng tonoplast aquaporin gene, are significantly higher than those of wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Whole genome expression and bioinformatics analysis, including analysis of co-expression networks and transcription factors (Tfscan), were used to determine the key genes that are activated after th...

Brassinosteroid (BR) is an important plant hormone that is perceived by the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor. BRI1 is conserved among dicot and monocot species; however, the molecular mechanism underlying BR perception in monocots is not fully understood. We synthesised two BRs, iso-carbabrassinolide (iso-carbaBL) and 6-deoxoBL, which have different BR activities in Arabidopsis tha...