Using a comprehensive country-level panel data set covering the period from 1990 to 2001, we investigate the impact of privatization and competition in the telecommunications sector around the world. Full privatization, which gave private owners control rights, contributed substantially to improving the allocation of labor and capital, expanding service output and network penetration, and impro...

Following on the ‘success ‘of economic reforms in Central and Eastern Europe, best practice privatization re-emerged in most countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa during the 1990s. In Nigeria, privatization came as integral parts of Adjustment credits and was aimed at enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation of government. The core objectives are reducing fiscal deficits, building a broade...

Labor’s share of GDP in most OECD countries has declined over the last two decades. Some authors have suggested that these changes are linked to deregulation of product and labor markets. To examine this we focus on a large quasi-experiment in the OECD: the privatization of many network industries (e.g. telecommunications and utilities). We present a model with agency problems, imperfect produc...

in this article, the results of special effects of privatization of iranian gas refining industry with delphi-dematel integrative approach are presented. according to the results of this research in delphi technique base, all together, experts recognize 39 pivotal factors in privatization of the gas refining companies. then by the aids of dematel technique, in previous step, according to expert...

One prominent explanation for disagreement in bargaining is that the parties have divergent and relatively optimistic expectations regarding the ultimate outcome if they fail to agree. The fact that settlement rates are much higher where final-offer arbitration is the dispute settlement procedure than where conventional arbitration is the dispute settlement procedure is used as the basis of a t...

Computer designers utilize the recent huge advances in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) to place several processors on the same chip die to get Chip Multiprocessor (CMP). The shared bus is the most common media used to connect these processors with each other and with the shared resources. Distributing the shared bus among the contention processors represents a critical issue that affects ov...

This article describes the main issues of the Brazilian Model of Telecommunication Reform (BMTR), presenting the privatization process and the new regulatory framework in Brazil, comparing with the experiences of the UK and US. The main targets of the reform were to enhance competition, to provide universal service, and to raise privatization revenues to reduce public debt. The trade-offs among...

To derive safe bounds on worst-case execution times (WCETs), all components of a computer system need to be time-predictable: the processor pipeline, the caches, the memory controller, and memory arbitration on a multicore processor. This paper presents a solution for timepredictable memory arbitration and access for chip-multiprocessors. The memory network-onchip is organized as a tree with ti...

public order has a long history and a great role in private law andinternational commercial arbitration; as much as can be said: public order isone of the most important limitations of party autonomy (contractualfreedom) in private law and international commercial arbitration.however, legal experts disagree about the meaning of this term. some oflawyers and jurists have made great efforts to de...

I develop a general equilibrium model in which the quality of household financial decisions is endogenously determined by the incentives to exert effort in learning about financial opportunities. The model generates predictions for asset market participation and returns across households. Moreover, search for financial returns enables the model to generate a more skewed equilibrium wealth distr...