The n-hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DC), methanol (ME), ethanol 70% (ET), and methanol with Soxlhet apparatus (MS) extracts of Stachys lavandulifolia aerial parts were screened for their potential tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity. ET and MS inhibited tyrosinase with IC50 values of 33.4 and 42.8 μg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical in...

Melanin is produced in melanocytes and stored in melanosomes. In spite of its beneficial sun-protective effect, abnormal accumulation of melanin results in esthetic problems. Hydroquinone, competing with tyrosine, is a major ingredient in topical pharmacological agents. However, frequent adverse reactions are amongst its major limitation. To solve this problem, several alternatives such as arbu...

Highly regioselective acylation of helicid with fatty acid vinyl esters catalyzed by the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus has been successfully performed for the first time. For the enzymatic caproylation of helicid, under the optimal conditions, initial reaction rate was 33.2 mM/h, and substrate conversion and regioselectivity were greater than 99%. In addition, the acyl recognition of the ...

This study investigated the effects of silkworm hemolymph-derived storage protein 2 (SP2) on the whitening process in mouse B16F1 melanoma cells. After the cells were treated with various concentrations of SP2 (0.1 1.0 mg/mL), cytotoxicity, melanin contents, and differences in mRNA and protein expression associated with melanogenesis were observed. No cytotoxicity was observed when cells were t...

Jensen, A.L., 1991. Simulation of fish population responses to exploitation. Ecol. Modelling, 55: 203-218. A model that couples Larkin's predator-prey model, Ivlev's feeding model, Ursin's growth equation and the exponential mortality model was applied for simulation of the responses of fish populations to exploitation. Simulations were done without food-limited growth, with food-limited growth...

BACKGROUND Coping has traditionally been measured with inventories containing many items meant to identify specific coping strategies. An alternative is to develop a shorter inventory that focusses on coping expectancies which may determine the extent to which an individual attempts to cope actively. PURPOSE This paper explores the usefulness and validity of a simplified seven-item questionna...

Extracts of the flower petals of Impatiens balsamina L. contain enzymes which catalyze the glycosylation of phenolic compounds. Enzymes have been extracted which glycosylate hydroquinone to arbutin and at least 3 different flavonols to the 3-monoglucoside. The hydroquinone glucosylating enzyme is similar to enzymes previously described except that it requires an unidentified low molecular weigh...

Abstract Hyperpigmentation is a common and major skin problem that affects people of all types. Despite the availability various depigmentation active ingredients for hyperpigmentation disorder, none them are completely satisfactory due to their poor permeability through layer significant toxicity, thereby causing severe side effects such as irritative dermatitis, erythema, itching, flaking. Na...