The Arctic soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is important but poorly defined. The most cited pool size estimates are based on one study that uses 48 North American soils of which only 5 are actually in the Arctic. Three of these 5 are in the colder high arctic not representative of soils across Arctic North America. Soil map-based pool estimates rely on subarctic soils to project the Arctic. In al...

An understanding of the arctic climate system has become a high priority research area because of its importance to global climate change (IPCC 1990). Unfortunately, our studies of this region are in their infancy and we lack a broad knowledge of the Arctic. This deficiency is due to the scarcity of observations and the difficulties in remotely sensing arctic clouds from satellites (Curry et al...

As noted by Curry et al. (1996), the retrieval of polar cloud properties from satellites is fraught with difficulty. These difficulties mandate the use of ground-based and/or aircraft measurements to determine the properties of Arctic clouds. Because of the inhospitable environment of the Arctic, such measurements have been limited, leading to a relative lack of understanding of these clouds. H...

J. P. Bryant ([email protected]), F. S. Chapin III and K. Kielland, Inst. of Arctic Biology, Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA. – K. Joly, National Park Service, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Network, 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA. – D. L. DeAngelis, US Geological Survey, Florida Integrated Science Center and De...

in this article the relationship between the amount of seasonal rainfall (autumn, winter and spring) and climate indices in iran have been studied. the climate indices (the southern oscillation(soi),the north atlantic oscillation(nao), arctic oscillation(ao),nino 3/4,the multivariate enso index(mei),trans_ nino index(tni) and the pacific decadal oscillation(pdo) are used as independent variable...

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York; Nutritional Research and Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine; Urology and Andrology, Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; Hormones and Cancer Unit, IARC, Lyon, France; and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Rikshospitalet, Oslo,...

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an aliphatic fluorinated compound with eight carbon atoms that is extremely persistent in the environment and can adversely affect human and ecological health. The stability, low reactivity, and high water solubility of PFOS combined with the North American phaseout in production around the year 2000 make it a potentially useful new tracer for ocean circulati...

T he 2015 Human Health Assessment Report has continued the historical line from the former reports (1Á3), including new knowledge, missing links and information from each report, drawing attention to the most recent knowledge and perspectives for future research. The separate chapters in this special issue reveal details on monitoring, known health effects, relations to climate change and, not ...

A total of 38 box cores were collected from the Amerasian Basin, Arctic Ocean during the U.S. Geological Survey 1992 (PI92-AR) and 1993 (PI93-AR) Arctic Cruises aboard the U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker Polar Star. In addition, the cruises collected geophysical data, piston cores and hydrographic data to address the geologic and oceanographic history of the western Arctic Ocean. This paper reports...

Knowledge about the Arctic tectonic structure has changed in the last decade as a large number of new datasets have been collected and systematized. Here, we review the most updated, publicly available Circum-Arctic digital compilations of magnetic and gravity data together with new models of the Arctic's crust. Available tomographic models have also been scrutinized and evaluated for their pot...