we introduce and  study  fuzzy (co-)inner product and fuzzy(co-)norm of hyperspaces. in this regard by considering  the notionof hyperspaces, as a generalization of vector spaces, first we willintroduce the notion of fuzzy (co-)inner product in hyperspaces and will apply it to formulate the notions offuzzy (co-)norm and fuzzy (co-)orthogonality  in hyperspaces. inparticular, we will prove that ...

Abstract As a developing country, one of the important objectives India is to accelerate economic growth. This has considerable impact on CO 2 emission. Life expectancy probable connection with emission in two opposite ways. Given technological status, more consequents upon production output and higher income level which likely affect life people positive way. Conversely, air pollutants that ma...

There is some level of uncertainty as to whether private sector credit interacts with finance sources for growth significantly influence channeling funds investible purposes in Nigeria, given the nation’s unique characteristics. This study examines role various on Nigeria. For this purpose, utilizes secondary data (1980–2018) sourced from CBN statistical annual reports. The further employs ARDL...

Numerous research in Nigeria on the interaction effect between exchange rate and foreign reserves have been marginalized; this has therefore informed study to investigate nexus reserves, with focus Nigerian economy. External reserve was used as dependent variable, rate, inflation, non-oil export, oil real interest were independent variables. Time series data spanning 1980 2020 used. The employe...

This study examined the effect of recurring expenditure financed by external grants on sustainable economic development sub - Saharan Africa Countries. paper asked participation as one source funds, separately from international finance perspective; mechanism domestic did not talk about. filled this gap in literature determining grants. The adopted a time series research design where secondary ...

This study attempts to examine the nature of relationship between Oil Revenue, Health Expenditure and Nigerian Economic Growth. The nexus these variables has come under scrutiny as mixed evidences have been found in literature about their contribution economic growth within period. made used ARDL Bound Co-integration test analyze short long run relationships variables. results show that co-effi...