severe drawbacks, mainly their toxicity and the production of large amount of waste. In addition, sodium periodate is not effective in nonpolar solvents due to its insolubility, and it is also able to oxidize other functional groups such as alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, sulphides,.. whereas its reactions with ditertiary 25 glycols do not proceed. Several other oxidizing systems have been develo...

In the 1- (4-fluorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-1 H-naphto- [1 and 2-e] [1 and 3] oxazine-3-n, there are 4 rings, respectively, rings from the side attached to the halogen They are named C, B, A, and D. Calculations and studies show that the amount of aromatics in the halogen-ring A in all cases has the highest number. In the B loop, the predicted aromatism level is zero, and in the ring C and D, relat...

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are of considerable importance in the production of fine chemicals. However, many traditional processes suffer serious disadvantages, including low selectivity for the desired product and the requirement for large quantities of mineral or Lewis acids as activators. The use of such acids causes plant corrosion and generates large volumes of spent rea...

Introduction An aromatics complex is a combination of process units that can be used to convert petroleum naphtha and pyrolysis gasoline (pygas) into the basic petrochemical intermediates: Benzene Toluene and Xylenes (BTX). Benzene is a versatile petrochemical building block used in the production of more than 250 different products. Ethylbenzene, cumene, and cyclohexane are the most important ...

We apply a cubic-plus-association equation of state to study the asphaltene precipitation from n-alkane diluted model solutions (asphalteneþtoluene), and heavy oils and bitumens. Heavy oils and bitumens are characterized in terms of saturates, aromatics/resins, and asphaltenes; n-alkanes are treated independently. The asphaltene precipitation is modeled as liquid-liquid phase equilibrium. The s...

The comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS) has been used to characterize a crude oil and a source rock extract sample. During the process, a series of pairwise components between monocyclic alkanes and mono-aromatics have been discovered. After tentative assignments of decahydronaphthalene isomers, a series of alkyl decalin isomers have...

The thermolytic coupling of Ph(2)CN(2) and (t-Bu)(Ph)CN(2) with doubly cyclomanganated 2,5-diphenylpyrazine and 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine afforded substantial amounts of new triple decker compounds of either C(i) and C(2) symmetry respectively containing, in both series, two eta(3)-bonded Mn(CO)(3) fragments which intervene as scaffolds sustaining the helical non-conjugated triaryl backbone. The m...