urbanization agglomeration that is named jacobs externalities, refers to the role of economic diversification in urban. localization agglomeration, marshal-arrow-romer (mar) externalities, is related to the concentration of firms activated in a special industry within a specified place. the purpose of this research is to explore the impact of different types of agglomeration economies on employ...

The Arrow impossibility theorem when individual preferences are weak orders is equivalent to the HEX game theorem. Because Gale showed that the Brouwer fixed point theorem is equivalent to the HEX game theorem, this paper indirectly shows the equivalence of the Brouwer fixed point theorem and the Arrow impossibility theorem. Chichilnisky showed the equivalence of her impossibility theorem and t...

Even if string theory has a landscape of internally consistent universes, and even if one has a mechanism for actually creating these universes [as “baby universes”], it may well prove to be the case that the babies will not resemble the Universe we observe. For they may not have an Arrow of time: even if some of them have basic physical laws essentially identical to those we have discovered, t...

Arrow cues and other overlearned spatial symbols automatically orient attention according to their spatial meaning. This renders them similar to exogenous cues that occur at stimulus location. Exogenous cues trigger shifts of attention even when they are presented subliminally. Here, we investigate to what extent the mechanisms underlying the orienting of attention by exogenous cues and by arro...

We introduce the arrow calculus, a metalanguage for manipulating Hughes’s arrows with close relations both toMoggi’s metalanguage for monads and to Paterson’s arrow notation.