Introduction: Management of critically ill patients involves extensive diagnostic testing and procedures to inform clinical decision making. This is commonly facilitated by an arterial catheter (AC) connected a pressurised administration set that maintains patency facilitates continuous monitoring. Blood sampling also enabled via this system but can result in blood wastage contamination.

background: today, endoscopic evaluation of digestive system is an important diagnostic approach in gastrointestinal diseases. as it is an invasive method, it causes fear and anxiety in patients. the current study was fulfilled to evaluate the effect of music therapy during endoscopy on the anxiety of patients by measuring blood pressure. methods: this is an experimental study of single blind c...