The tri-space is a concept that has been periodically put forth within geographic information science over the last few decades, under various guises and names (Openshaw 1994; Peuquet 1994; Turton et al. 2000; Yuan 1994). It refers to the conjunction of three spaces: geographic space, time space, and attribute space. These three elements are easily identified in typical spatio-temporal data set...

We shall here discuss a new spacetime gauge-covariant Lagrangian formulation of General Relativity by means of the Barbero-Immirzi SU(2)-connection on spacetime. To the best of our knowledge the Lagrangian based on SU(2) spacetime fields seems to appear here for the first time.

California’s failure in restructuring its electricity market has been interpreted to mean that “deregulation will not work.” A number of studies have pointed to flaws in the California experience that -if corrected -should allow restructuring to be successful. This study compares the California experience with the actual, successful experience of several other states/countries to identify what ...

The process of an artist ’speaking’ to audience by illustrating meaning underlying a body work on subject is commonplace within contemporary art. In the age mechanical reproduction artists can quickly and simply assemble collate coherent sets visual materials as means non-verbal investigation. world technical images (Flusser 2011) in photograph or technically p...

This paper theoretically and empirically explores bargaining delay in tariff negotiations. By imposing a bargaining structure in an equilibrium trade framework, I derive many testable predictions of delay. I then take my model to the newly compiled GATT (Torquay) tariff negotiation data, which includes detailed (product-level) information of the timing and contents of countries’ (back-and-forth...

There are families of neural networks that can learn to compute any function, provided sufficient training data. However, given that in practice training data is scarce for all but a small set of problems, a core question is how to incorporate prior knowledge into a model. Here we consider the case of prior procedural knowledge, such as knowing the overall recursive structure of a sequence tran...

In order to apply known general theorems about the effective properties of recursive structures in a particular recursive structure, it is necessary to verify that certain decidability conditions are satisfied. This requires the determination of when certain relations, called hack andforth relations, hold between finite strings of elements from the structure. Here we determine this for recursiv...

Let P be an orthogonal polygon. Consider a sliding camera that travels back and forth along an orthogonal line segment s ∈ P as its trajectory. The camera can see a point p ∈ P if there exists a point q ∈ s such that pq is a line segment normal to s that is completely inside P . In the minimum-cardinality sliding cameras problem, the objective is to find a set S of sliding cameras of minimum ca...

Drawing on ethnographic data from rural Bolivia and applying the theoretical approaches of the minority group child and the tribal child (James et al. 1998), this paper shows that majority world children integrate work, play and school, moving back and forth between child and adult-centred worlds. It argues that majority world children have largely been perceived in relation to their work, and ...