We recently showed that imbalance of TGF-β/Smad signaling with over-activation of Smad3 but lower levels of Smad7 is a central mechanism of tissue fibrosis. In the present study, we report here that inhibition of Smad3 with naringenin (NG) and upregulation of Smad7 with asiatic acid (AA) produced an additive effect on inhibition of renal fibrosis in a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy. We ...

To study impacts of sudden oak death (SOD), a lethal bark canker disease caused by Phytophthora ramorum, we established permanent plots in Sonoma County forest types at risk of SOD. Baseline stand and tree health data were collected in 2001 and the plots were reassessed in 2004. The 250 plots (0.02 ha each) were located at 11 study locations in stands containing Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii,...

Agriculture is the backbone of each country, and almost 50% population directly involved in farming. In Pakistan, several kinds fruits are produced exported other countries. Citrus an important fruit, its production Pakistan higher than fruits. However, diseases citrus such as canker, scab, blight, a few more impact quality quantity this Fruit. The manual diagnosis these required expert person ...

Abstract N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant, anti-adhesive, and antimicrobial compound. Even though there much information regarding the role of NAC as antioxidant anti-adhesive agent, little known about its activity. In order to assess mode action in bacterial cells, we investigated metabolic responses triggered by at neutral pH. As a model organism, chose Gram-negative plant pathogen Xa...

Abstract As the bacterial etiologic agent causing citrus canker (CBC), Xanthomonas citri subsp. (Xcc) seriously impacts plantation and fruit production globally. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that CsBZIP40 can positively impact CBC resistance in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). However, mechanistic basis for protective benefits conferred by is yet to be delineated. Here, show regulates re...