Energy production is facing the environmental and economic issues due to growing population uncertainties about fossil fuels. These concerns prompt researchers find widely available renewable alternative such as biomass instead of Microalgae one promising biofuels owing its rapid growth speed higher calorific value. Steam gasification an way converting syngas with H2 lower CO2 content compared ...

The gasification process involves several reactions that occur simultaneously and are interrelated by independent variables. Simulation tools can help us to understand the behaviour predict efficiency final composition of products. In this work, two thermodynamic equilibrium models developed in Aspen Plus® software were assessed: a non-stoichiometric model based on feedstock most probable compo...

The ecological consequences of biodiversity have become a prominent public issue. Little is known on the effect of genetic diversity on ecosystem services. Here, a diversity experiment was established with European and North American aspen (Populus tremula, P. tremuloides) planted in plots representing either a single deme only or combinations of two, four and eight demes. The goals of this stu...

This review summarises the knowledge about the ecology, breeding and management of hybrid aspen (Populus wettsteinii Hämet-Ahti P. tremula L. P. tremuloides Michx.). The review is restricted mainly to Northern Europe, where hybrid aspen has been most intensively studied and cultivated and where it has proved to be one of the fastest-growing hardwoods, suitable for the production of pulpand ener...

Disturbance patterns strongly influence plant community structure. What remains less clear, particularly at a mechanistic level, is how changes in disturbance cycles alter successional outcomes in plant communities. There is evidence that fire suppression is resulting in longer fire return intervals in subalpine forests and that these lengthened intervals increase competitive interactions betwe...

This paper describes the Automated Scheduling and Planning Environment (ASPEN). ASPEN encodes complex spacecraft knowledge of operability constraints, flight rules, spacecraft hardware, science experiments and operations procedures to allow for automated generation of low level spacecraft sequences. Using a technique called iterative repair, ASPEN classifies constraint violations (i.e., conflic...